Impressionism and BeyondImpressionism and Beyond““That looks like an impression of a painting…That looks like an impression of a painting…”” - critic Louis Leroy - critic Louis Leroy

Late 19th Century Art and Architecture

Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Manet, 1882

Barmaid stares out at us

What is the mirror reflecting?

More impressionistic than Manet’s early works

French Impressionism

Monet's early work, Impression: Sunrise, harshly criticized at exhibition.

impression of light in a scene.

Single most successful and identifiable "movement" ever,

still practiced today.

Subjects

• Turned away from tradition– uninterested in religion, mythology

& history– Japanese influence

• Contemporary life• Leisure middle class• transportation• Capturing light and nature

Monet’s Rouen Cathedral in Sun, 1894, (and sunset…en plein aire)

The Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881) Pierre Auguste Renoir

Renoir’s Moulin de la Galette

Dappling effect of fleeting light

People not posed, enjoying meals and dancing

Photographic randomness of clipped figures

Asymmetrical compositions

Feathery brushstrokes showing the dancers’ costumes

Japanese print influence

Rehearsal on Stage, Degas, 1874, pastel

American Impressionist – Mary Cassatt

Theme of mother and child.

Influential in bringing Impressionist paintings to US -huge hit

Maternal Caress, Mary Cassatt, 1891Influence of Japanese ukiyo-e.

Post-Impressionism: setting stage for 20th Century Art

Unhappy with limitations of Impressionist style, explored emotion & structure - though still influenced by Japanese.

Plum Orchard, Hiroshige, Ukiyo-e print, 1857 Japonisme Flowering Plum Tree, Van Gogh, oil, 1887

Japanese Influence continues…

Surely you know this painting…emotion

Thick short brushstrokes, impasto paint

View from hospital room in St-Remy

At one with forces of nature

Post Impressionism emphasizing structure … Mont Sainte-Victoire, Cezanne, 1887

Still Life with Basket of Apples, Cezanne, 1894

Tilted perspective

Contrast of solid forms with flat surfaces

Painterly brushstrokes

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte (1884-86). Georges Seurat

Statuesque figures not interacting… anonymity of modern society? Scientific analysis of color relationships (pointillism)

Primitivism: Manaha No Atua, (Day of the God), Paul Gauguin, 1894.

Symbolism

Tahitian gods shown

Painted native peoples in geomatric bright colors

Exotic primitivism

Symbolic, mysterios

Color to express emotion

Other Connections

Art NouveauArchitecture, Sculpture

The Kiss, Gustav Klimt, 1907

Art Nouveau (art deco) style

Golden painting

Decorative patterns, gold more important than realistic modeling of forms

The Arts and Crafts movement began in the late 19th century, LED BY WILLIAM MORRIS.

The idea was for everyday items to be made by trained craftspeople, not high priced artists, but to have beauty in everyday objects.

Burghers of Calais, Auguste Rodin, bronze, 1889

Six burghers offer their lives to English king in return for saving their besieged city during Hundred Years war

Parallels between Paris in 1870 war and war in 1347

Central figure is ready for his execution

•Otis invented elevator, which allowed high buildings

•Prototype of modern office building or Skyscraper

•“Form follows function” was his motto, now very famous in architecture

Wainwright Building, 1890, Louis Sullivan, Chicago School of Architecture