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IMPACTS OF FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS ON
PROCESSED ANIMAL BASED EXPORT
“FOCUSED ON POULTRY INDUSTRIES THAILAND”
ByMs.Atcharaporn Khoomtong
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CONTENT Introduction General overview about Food Safety
Standards Overview about Food Safety
Standards in Thailand General Food safety concern in the
poultry product Present Situation of food safety in the
export poultry industry of Thailand
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CONTENT Flooding situation in Thailand
Effect to poultry industry? Benefit from Achieving Food safety
standards Certification in Thailand Constraints in the implementation
Food Safety Standards in case of SMEs Food industries Thailand
Recommendations
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INTRODUCTION
Thailand
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The richest agricultural Produce Country in the world, located in the most fertile land on tropical area of Southeast Asia.
Thailand
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The primary export markets are Japan, the US, EU, and ASEAN. Most food exports are prepared and ready-to-eat. The major categories are:
Seafood
Fresh and processed fruit and vegetables Canned and other processed forms
Fresh - Frozen and Processed chicken
Other goods
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MAJOR MARKETS OF FRESH - FROZEN AND PROCESSED CHICKEN OF THAILAND
Japan; 43.27%
UK; 29.81%
Nether-land; 9.14%
Ger-many; 4.04%
Veitnam; 2.71% Other; 11.03%
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GENERAL OVERVIEW ABOUT FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
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can be considered to have three main components:
quality control quality assurance quality improvement.
Consumers want the assurance that they are receiving
a safe and sanitary food supply.
Food Safety Standards
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SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE FOOD CHAIN
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OVERVIEW ABOUT FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN THAILAND
INTERNATIONAL TRADEINTERNATIONAL TRADE
Direct
Common Agricultural Policy
European Union : EU = 25 Nations
Indirect
agreement under World Trade Organization
(WTO)
Advance Technology
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AGREEMENT UNDER WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)
Decreasing Subsidy Agreement on Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures Agreement on Trade and Environment
IMPACTS FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER OF EU TO EXPORT POULTRY PRODUCTS OF THAILAND
IMPACTS FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER OF EU TO EXPORT POULTRY PRODUCTS OF THAILAND
Import Quota
Quantitative Measures
Restrict of export quantity of poultry from Thailand
Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures : SPS
Qualitative Measures
Effect of Brand Image BuildingHigh Cost Production
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POTENTIAL FROM NON -TARIFF BARRIER EFFECTS OF THAILAND
EXPORTER??? From Sanitary and Phytosanitary
Measures : SPS ,Thailand have to control about MRLs and also GMP in feed mill and treatment of animal manufacturings
Change style of export poultry product in 2004 from The HPAI outbreaks
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STRUCTURE OF FOOD SAFETY
STANDARDS IN THAILAND
Safety Requirements for Agricultural Commodity and Food
plantlivestock fish
1
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
USA
Europe
Australia
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INDUSTRY RECOGNIZED FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
Fruit&vegetable Products
EU marketrequirements
EU marketrequirements
General products in
other markets
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GENERAL FOOD SAFETY CONCERN IN THE POULTRY
PRODUCT
COMMERCIAL BROILER SUPPLY CHAIN: THAILAND
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Possible sources of Samonella sp. &Listeria sp. for Broiler
microbiological risks
Samonella sp
Listeria sp
Highly pathogenic
avian influenza
virus(H5N1)
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Dioxin
Organochlorinated insecticides
Antibiotics
chemical risks
Nitrofuran
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THE VERTICAL CHAIN OF POULTRY FOOD-PRODUCTS AND EXAMPLES OF POSSIBLE HAZARD POINTS
Iden
tifi
cati
on
an
d T
raci
ng
sys
tem
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PRESENT SITUATION OF FOOD SAFETY IN
THE EXPORT POULTRY INDUSTRY OF THAILAND
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
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16
25
20
25
25
25
30
25
31
25
32
25
33
25
34
25
35
25
36
25
37
25
38
25
39
25
40
25
41
25
42
25
43
25
44
25
45
25
46
25
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25
48
25
49
25
50 .
MT
Source : Thai Broiler Processing Exporters Association
Thai Broiler History Thai Broiler History
Start to ExportFrozen chicken
163 ล้�านตั�น
Start to Exportprocessed chicken BSE in UK
พบสารNitrofurans และ Chloramphenical
ThailandFinancial
CrisisDepreciation
Avian Flu
Quota tariff
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73
20
03
20
06
19
91
19
96
19
97
19
99
EUออกWhite Paper
Animal Welfare
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Source: The Ministry of Commerce
THAILAND EXPORT VALUE OF POULTRY
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POULTRY PRODUCTION IN THAILAND
can be classifiedthree primary systems;
smallholder backyard farming
semi-industrial production
large-scale industrial production
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LawsSystem
Certification
Schematic representations Regulation Standard issued by
Department of Livestock DevelopmentNote * mean forced only the exporters
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REGULATIONSCONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
Ministerial Notification of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives on Livestock Farm Standard of Thailand B.E. 2542 (1999; Broiler farm standard), B.E. 2546 (2003; Meat-type duck farm standard)
Poultry Meat and Poultry Products Inspection Regulations B.E. 2548 (2005)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry at Farm B.E. 2542 (1999)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry During Transport B.E. 2542 (1999)
Regulations of the DLD on Protection of Poultry at the Time of Slaughter or Killing B.E. 2542 (1999)
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REGULATIONSCONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEAT AND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
Regulations of the DLD on Traceability System of Livestock Products B.E. 2546 (2003)
Regulations of the DLD on Implementation of HACCP for Slaughterhouses and Meat Processing Plants Manufacturing for Export B.E. 2547 (2004)
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CONTROL AND INSPECTION OF POULTRY MEATAND POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS
I. Poultry standard farmII. Pre-slaughter inspection at
poultry farmIII. Movement controlIV. Accreditation of poultry
slaughterhouse and processing plant for export manufacture
V. Inspection at poultry slaughterhouse
VI. Inspection at poultry meat products processing plant
VII. Certification for export
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I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
1. Notification of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives on Livestock Farm Standard of Thailand 1999, 2003
2. Criteria for certification of farm standards:- farm bio-security system- appropriate housing- good husbandry and hygienic practices- adequate personnel and veterinary supervision- good animal health management and welfare
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3. Private veterinarians trained and licensed by the DLD
4. Follow-up inspection every 6 month by the DLD committee
5. Renewal of certification every 2 years
6. Withdrawal of certification in case of infringement
I. POULTRY STANDARD FARM
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II. PRE-SLAUGHTER INSPECTION AT POULTRY FARM
1. Farm is not under restriction in connection with any poultry infectious diseases
2. Sampling 60 cloacal swabs per flock for AI analysis
3. Negative result of AI is required for movement permit
4. Antemortem inspection by the DLD provincial officers maximum 3 d prior to slaughter
5. Issue the Poultry Inspection Report at Farm (LSC 001 form)
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III. MOVEMENT CONTROL
1. The DLD provincial veterinary officer issues the Animal Movement Permit
2. Poultry must be accompanied with LSC 001, AI testing result and Movement Permit during transportation to slaughterhouse
3. Animal Quarantine Station or Checkpoints of DLD examine poultry and documents en route
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IV. ACCREDITATION OF POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE AND PROCESSING PLANT FOR EXPORT MANUFACTURE
Procedures of accreditation
Accreditation is valid
for 3 yrs, Approval of
HACCP system
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V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
A DLD veterinary meat inspector and a number of meat inspectors per shift in every slaughterhouse
Antemortem inspection using information from LSC 001, movement permit
Animal Welfare Postmortem inspection
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Operational hygiene
Personal hygiene
Sanitation of premise
HACCP implementation
V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
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Routine sampling
Storage & transportation Meat transfer certificate for transfer meat to further processing
Traceability system
V. INSPECTION AT POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSE
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A DLD veterinary meat inspector and meat inspector(s) Incoming meat / Meat transfer certificateOperational hygienePersonal hygieneSanitation of premiseHACCP implementation
VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS PROCESSING PLANT
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Routine sampling
Storage & transportation Traceability system
VI. INSPECTION AT POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS PROCESSING PLANT
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VII. CERTIFICATION FOR EXPORT
Export permit issued by a vet meat inspector on-site
Loading products into shipping container
DLD seal Product check list Trace back record Issue Health Certificate at the
DLD head office
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HOW TO EXPORT ???
Health Certificate
Export to Muslim Market
Approve from DLD
Poultry meat products
processing plant &Cold storage
Frozen steamd chicken
meat
Export to General Internationl
Market
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TRACE
BACK RECORD
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NUMBER OF HACCP/GMP-CERTIFIED FACTORIES IN EACH POULTRY INDUSTRY SECTOR
Source: Department of Livestock Development: DLD, (Updated December, 2010)Note * mean certify by Department of Livestock ** mean certify by Ministry of Interior
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CASE STUDY OF ANY HAZARDSIN POULTRY PRODUCT OF THAILAND
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Nitro-furans (a banned group of
antibiotics)
1999Dioxin
Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food (Revised 1997)
Codex Alimentarius Commission, Residues of Pesticides in Food and Animal Feeds (Revised 1997)
EU Commission, Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Feedstuffs of animal Origin.
Japan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare, Food Sanitation Law, MRL for Veterinary Drugs in Food of Animal Origin.
Thailand1
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CODE OF HYGIENIC PRACTICE FOR MEAT
GUIDE FOR THE MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SPICES
AND HERBS USED IN PROCESSED MEAT AND POULTRY PRODUCTS
CODE OF PRACTICE ON GOOD
ANIMAL FEEDINGGUIDELINES FOR THE
CONTROL OF CAMPYLOBACTER AND
SALMONELLA IN CHICKEN MEAT
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THE HPAI OUTBREAKS IN THAILAND 2004 TO 2006
Outbreak in poultry sector is Bird flu viruses
2
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BIOSECURITY CERTIFICATION AGAINST AVIAN FLU:
FOOD SAFETY TECHNOLOGYFOR COMPETITIVENESS ON WORLD MARKETS
A compartment is defined as a well
defined area where
animals are kept under
a biosecurity management
system. At every stage of
production the origin of
the chicken meat destined
for export can be traced
back to a specific flock in
a specific compartment.
Food safety measures to bring the buyers back
54TRACEABILITY BY DLD
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FLOODING SITUATION IN THAILAND EFFECT TO POULTRY INDUSTRY?
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Lop Buri, a major production base for poultry industries
such as CP, Betagro and
also Sahafarm.
POULTRY INDUSTRY OF THAILAND IS LOCATED IN CENTRAL AREA
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The Agriculture Ministry reports about 7 million head of livestock were affected by the current floods
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A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: GENERAL SYSTEMS STRUCTURE OF THE EFFECTS OF FLOODS ON NATURAL RESOURCE DEPENDENT
COMMUNITIES
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FROM MY POINT OF VIEW, FLOODS MAY BE AFFECTED TO POULTRY INDUSTRY IN THAILAND
SUCH AS,
Effect of flood on food safety
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EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FEED MILL INDUSTRY The potential that flood can lead to
environmental dispersion of animal waste containing
numerous biologic and chemical hazards. It could be contaminate
to feed mill animals.
EFFECT OF FLOOD ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE Floodwater may contain fecal material from overflowing sewage system
can be heavily contaminated with pesticides to highly hazards chemicals. Could be cross contamination between water supply system and sewage system in hatchery farms that water treatment system may go out of
order or malfunction due to flood impacts and sewer discharge may directly
enter the watercourse without purification. Water-borne diseases, such as diarrhea diseases, acute respiratory infections are common among flood-affected people and broilers. They can increase to epidemic levels even in a moderate flood.
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EFFECT OF FLOOD ON FOOD SAFETY
During the flood, electricity supply may
be cut off. Without electricity hatchery farm activities will be stop .
Slaughter house or processed plants without electricity cold stores and refrigerators will stop functioning. The meat poultry in these facilities will start decaying after 4 hours.
If flood continue long time, it will be
affected to transportation system that may be cause of shortage food finally.
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BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS CERTIFICATION IN THAILAND
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Food safety standards certification benefits may be measured
as “external” and “internal” benefits. External benefits are realized externally
from the system such as an increase in market share or gaining customer recognition.
Internal benefit is a benefit experienced within system such as increased employee moral or reduction in nonconforming product.
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BENEFIT FROM ACHIEVING FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS
Benefits to Food
Industry
Benefits to Consumers
Benefits to Governmen
ts
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CONSTRAINTS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS IN CASE OF SMES FOOD INDUSTRIES THAILAND
Cost
Knowledge
Readiness
Labor
Production of Technology
Old machinery in production process
Legislation and Enforcement
REALITY IS THAT SMALLHOLDERS MIGHT DISAPPEAR
Even if they have market access…they may be unable to meet High transaction costs for certain market outlets Costs of compliance to meet standards:
Import requirements...disease status, traceability, animal welfare, GAP, SPS, compulsory inspection
Product requirement.....quality cuts, hygiene standards, packaging, labelling, traceability
Changing marketing channels concentration in export, processing, and retailing changes in vertical coordination of supply chains (for example,
thought Thailand switched from contract farming to full vertical integration because of disease threat (AI)- not happening as expected)
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Food safety could be strengthened by strengthening the links along the food chain and building in demands by the next person in the chain
Thailand depute a separate organization that is responsible, for food safety standards implementation for the whole country with a clear objective, strategy and plan Especially in case of poultry industries, government should focus in Horizontal issues such as animal feeding, guide to good farming practices, role of the Veterinary Services in food safety, anti-microbial resistance, animal identification and traceability, meat inspection, certification, model certificates and also included biotechnology.
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Government policy should aim at providing knowledge, training, consultation and financial support while ensuring that there are sufficient resources for auditing these factories.
Thailand needs a national policy to facilitate the development of the food safety system through the entire food chain to eliminate the conflicts and the overlapping work responsibilities among governmental units.
RECOMMENDATIONS
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REFERENCES
DLD - Department of Livestock Development ,HPAI Control Measure Undertaken in Thailand since 2004, 2006a, Available at www.dld.go.th
Food and Agriculture Organization / World Health Organization (FAO/WHO),
“Improving Efficiency and Transparency in Food Safety Systems—Sharing Experiences”. Proceedings of the FAO/WHO Global Forum of Food Safety Regulators, held in Marrakesh, Morocco, 28-30 January 2002. Rome: FAO/WHO.
Frederick A. et al,Impact of Floods on Livelihoods and Vulnerability of
Natural Resource Dependent Communities in Northern Ghana,Water, 2, 120-139, 2010.
G. C. Mead, Food safety control in the poultry industry, Woodhead Publishing
Limited, England, 2005.
…..ETC…….
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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DEFINITIONS
Competent authorityThe official authority charged by the government with the control of meat hygiene, including setting and enforcing regulatory meat hygiene requirements.
Ante-mortem inspectionAny procedure or test conducted by a competent person on live animals for the purpose of judgement of safety and suitability and disposition
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ContaminantAny biological or chemical agent, foreign matter, or other substance not intentionally added to food thatmay compromise food safety or suitability.
Good Hygienic PracticeAll practices regarding the conditions and measuresnecessary to ensure the safety and suitability of
foodat all stages of the food chain
