IT KNOWLEDGECA Professional Stage - Knowledge Level, ICABTutor: Mohammad Abdul Matin

Chapter 2Information Technology Architecture

Chapter Outline Information System Computer System Data Structure Database Management System Processing Technique Security Control E-Commerce

Data StructureWhat is Data Structure? The logical or mathematical model of a

particular organization of data is called a data structure.

Data StructuresWhat is an Array? An array is a sequential structure of a finite number of

homogeneous data elements typically arranged by consecutive index numbers.

• Array of subjects in Knowledge Level : SUBJECT[1], SUBJECT[2],…..SUBJECT[n].

– The elements of array are referenced by index numbers– Elements are stored in successive memory locations– All elements must be of same type– Elements can be directly accessed by processor by their

array name location (e.g. SUBJECT[3] will allow direct reading of a particular subject without going through the whole list).

Data StructuresWhat is a Record? Record is a collection of related data items

comprising different fields/attributes of data.• A student record: Roll No, Name, DoB, Farm, Course(s),

etc.

– Data items in a record may have different data types

– Records are indexed by one/many of its attributes. So, cannot be naturally ordered.• e.g. The student record can be ordered sorted by Name

or by Roll No.

Data Structure Data Analysis: Ordering or arranging data

elements for better understanding or usage

Data Validation: Process of checking and ensuring correct data through use of logical validations and other validation rules set for specific purposes.

Data Validation Checks Allowed Character Check Consistency Checks Control Totals Data Type Checks File Existence Check Format or Masking Check Limit Check Logic Check Missing Data Test Range Check Uniqueness Check

Database Management System Common Features Offered by DBMS

– Query Ability (i.e. finding particular records by custom search)

– Backup and Replication– Rule Enforcement (e.g. uniqueness, validity, etc.)– Security (i.e. access and privileges)– Computation (basic calculations like summation,

count, etc.)– Change and Access Logging (audit trails, change

logs, etc.)– Automated Optimization (e.g. performance tuning)

Exam Questions What is Data Validation? Describe the

methods of Data Validations. What is DBMS? Write down common

features of DBMS.

Thank You

Next ClassTopics: Continue on Chapter 2