Click here to load reader
Upload
mark-daniel-alcazar
View
16.024
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
11/09/12
Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
by: Mark Alcazar ................................................
11/09/12VariationVariation is a name given to differences in a species, e.g. dogs:
Variation is due to each animal having different GENETIC INFORMATION in their cells.
11/09/12Where is this information stored?
Section of a chromosome:
Genes for eye colour
Genes for hair
colour
Genes for blood group:
Different species have different numbers of chromosomes. Humans have 46 (23 pairs) in every cell.
Genetic information is stored by genes which are arranged on chromosomes:
11/09/12Environmental differencesClearly, not all differences are due to just our genes…
Variation due to inheritance only
Variation due to environment only
Variation due to a bit of both
11/09/12Sexual reproductionSexual reproduction involves two organisms of the same species. Each organism produces a GAMETE.
For example, in animals the gametes are the egg and the sperm:
When the sperm penetrates the egg the egg is fertilised and cells start to reproduce to form a new individual:
11/09/12Sexual reproductionIn plants, the gametes are the egg and pollen:
Any type of sexual reproduction helps a species to become more varied because the offspring inherit characteristics from both parents.
Fertilization
11/09/12Selective breedingI raise cows. Each type of cow is good at a certain job. The Friesian cow
produces large quantities of milk, the Jersey cow produces very nice milk and the Hereford cow produces lot of beef.
If, for example, I want lots of milk I would only breed Friesian cows with each other – this is SELECTIVE
BREEDING.
Friesian
Jersey
Hereford
11/09/12Asexual reproductionPlants can reproduce ASEXUALLY. The offspring are genetically ________ to the parent plant and are called _________. Two examples:
1) This spider plant has grown a rooting side branch (“stolon”) which will eventually become __________.
2) A gardener has taken cuttings of this plant (which probably has good characteristics) and is growing them in a ____ atmosphere until the ____ develop.Words – clones, damp, independent, roots, identical
11/09/12Cloning1) Cloning plants:
2) Cloning sheep: