Hellenic Greece

Hellenic Greece6-2.1: Describe the development of ancient Greek culture (the Hellenic period), including the concept of citizenship and the early forms of democracy in Athens.

I. Hellenic GreeceI.Hellenic Greece A.Hellenic- an adjective that describes anything from ancient Greece. B. Ancient Greek culture, language, architecture, religion, philosophy would all be described asHellenic

II.GeographyII.Geography A. Located on the continent of Europe on the Mediterranean Sea. B. Land of mountains, rocky coastlines, and islands. C. Farmland was located near the coast and in river valleys. D. The geography kept the peopleseparated, isolated, and protectedfrom invasion. E. Living closeto the coast, the Greeks were experienced atfishing, trading,andsailing.

III. Greek PolisA. Villages in Greece were isolated and independent of one another due to the mountainousgeographyof Greece. B.Villages started to band together to form strong trading centers. C. Villages that banded together were called a city-state (polis). D.City-State(web-link)-A city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside.

III. Greek Polis ContinuedE.Polis- A city-state in ancient Greece. 1.Ancient Greeks referred to themselves as citizens of their individual polis (Sparta - Spartans, Athens - Athenians). 2.Each polishad its own personality, goals, laws and customs. 3.Ancient Greeks were very loyal to their polis.

IV. ArchitectureIV. Architecture A.Acropolis(web-link) 1. A fortress that stood on a high hill; used for protection for a polis 2. The polis around the acropolis was surrounded by walls for added protection. 3. Farmers lived outside the wall, but in time of war came inside the wall for protection.

IV. Architecture ContinuedB.Greek Columns (Ionic, Doric,Corinthian)- 1. Greek columns were tall and measured carefully. 2. You can see Greek architecture, especially columns, in today's world. An example isThomas Jefferson's Monticello. C. Temples- 1. The Greeks built large temples for their gods. 2.Parthenon(web-link)- Built for the goddess Athena

V. Religion and MythologyV. Religion and Mythology A.Mythology(web-link)- Stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works. B. Greeks believed that the gods caused things to happen and their mythology explained why. C. Greeks built temples to honor their gods D. Examples of Greek Gods -polytheism 1.Zeus- King of the gods 2.Poseidon- god of the sea 3.Hades- god of the underworld 4.Athena- goddess of war, wisdom, and handicrafts

VI.Greek Literature and TheaterVI.Greek Literature and Theater A.Epic Poems- Long poems that tell a story about a hero. 1.Homerwrote theIlliad andOdysseytales of great adventure B.Fables- Short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live. 1.Aesopwrote fables using animals as humans. 2.The Ant and the Grasshopperteaches the lesson to think and plan ahead for the future. 3. Language - We still use Greek terms in our language today

VI.Greek Literature and Theater ContinuedC. Greek Theater - 1.Tragedy- Plays that described the hardships faced by Greek heroes. 2.Comedies- Plays that made fun of people and ideas, especially politics.

VII.Greek WarsVII.Greek Wars A.Persian War(web-link)- Greek city-states created an alliance to defeat the Persian empire. 1. Greek city states formed an alliance with each other called theDelian League. 2.Delian League(web-link)- Each city-state agreed to help defend each other. B.Peloponnesian War(web-link)-War between Sparta and Athens. Sparta defeated Athens.

VIII. - Role of Famous GreeksVIII. - Role of Famous Greeks A.Philosophers- People who believed in the power of the human mind to think, explain, and understand life. 1.Socrates(web-link)-Believedpeople should never stop learning. a.Socratic Method- type of teaching where the teacher asks questions. Example - What is courage? 2.Plato(web-link)- Wrote about his belief of the ideal society. a. His ideal society would be based on justice and fairness to everyone.

VIII. - Role of Famous Greeks Continued 3.Aristotle - Believed that people should live lives of moderation, or balance. a. Give reason to your life - You should think about your actions and how they will affect others b. Also used logic - Using facts you know to figure out other facts B. Math and Science - 1.Archimedes(engineer) - Invented the water screw. A device that helps farmers bring water to their fields. 2.Pythagoras-Greek mathematician who studied geometry - study of lines, angles, and shapes

VIII. - Role of Famous Greeks ContinuedC.Medicine 1.Hippocrates- "Father of Medicine" - Greek doctor who studied diseases so he better study them. a. He also wrote how doctors should behave.