GRAPH (to write)

PRESENTED BY :HIRA GUL & RIDA MALIK

WHAT IS GRAPH

a diagram showing the relation between variable quantities, typically of two variables, each measured along one of a pair of axes at

right angles. Graph is worth a million words

WHAT IS CO-ORDINENT?a pair of elements a, b having the property that ( a, b) =

(u, v)OR

Two numbers written in a certain order. Usually written in parentheses like this: (4,5) Can be used to show the position on a graph, where the "x" (horizontal) value

is first, and the "y" (vertical) value is second.For example:

Here the point (12,5) is 12 units along, and 5 units up.One can not work without an other

CO-ORDINATE OF GRAPH

The following are the co-ordinate of graph:

1. Abscissa= x-co-ordinate2. ordinate= y-co-ordinate

TYPES OF GRAPH

• Straight line• Simple bar• Multi bar• Compound bar

Straight line graph

Simple bar graph

Multi bar graph

Compound bar graph

WHAT IS DIMENSION?

a measurable extent of a particular kind, such as length, width, depth, or height.

(physical )1 dimension : Length2 dimension : Length and width3 dimension : Length, Width and Height

3 cube

WHAT IS LINE?

It is path between two points.e.g. Here, A and B are the two points, a b Line can never be drawn but we do it to teach

and understand

WINDING RATE

• FORMULA : • WINDING RATE m/min = 25.13 (d) • Y = X

D 3 4 5 6

W/R 75.39 100.52 125.65 150.78

What is a gear?It is a mechanism to

transmit or to change the direction of motion/force.

Example #1:This shows how motion is transferred

from the pedal to the tyre.

Example #2:This shows how one gear connected to the motor, can cause the other gear to move in the opposite direction which changes the

direction of the motion.

Another simplistic example:

The relationship between the teeth and speed of a gear:

This shows how the size and number of teeth affects the speed of the gear.

Hyperbola showing the relationship of speed and teeth:This shows how increase in one variable causes a decrease in the other and vice

versa.

The actual formula:

•Gear train: when 2 or more gears are joined together for a particular purpose.•Driver gear: a gear which is connected to the motor.•Driven gear: a gear which is connected to the driver gear.

Velocity of driven= Velocity of driver * (# of teeth in driver gear/ # of teeth driven)

•Manipulation of the formula:

Velocity of driven/ Velocity of driver= # of teeth in driver gear/ # of teeth driven

Number of teeth in driven gear 15 20 25 30 35

Velocity of driven gear 667 500 400 334 286

Velocity of driven= Velocity of driver * (# of teeth in driver gear/ # of teeth driven) = (200*50/15) = 667

15 20 25 30 350

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Number of teeth in driven gear

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Twist factor:It measures how much turns a yarn has and can be calculated by counting the number of twists in an

inch of yarn.Twist is inserted into the fine strand of fibres to hold the fibres together. Without twist, the fine strand of

fibres would be very weak and of little practical. Formula:Twist factor= (turns per centimetre) √linear density

Twist factor 30 35 35

Turns per centimetre 6 7 8

Twist factor= (turns per centimetre) √linear density 30 = (x) √25 30/5 = x 6 = x

30 35 400

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Twist factor

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THANK YOU