Group Members

• Waheed Ahmed• Abdul Haseeb• Rehana Baksh• Tehmina Yasin

Overview of Cuba

REPUBLIC OF CUBA

Cuba is an archipelago of islands located in the Northern Caribbean Sea at the confluence with the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The United States lies to the north-west, the Bahamas to the north, Haiti to the east, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands to the south, and Mexico to the west. Cuba is the principal island, surrounded by four smaller groups of islands. The main island is 766 km (476 mi) long and is the 16th island in the world by land area. The name "Cuba" comes from the Taíno language and though the exact meaning is unclear, it may be translated either as "where fertile land is abundant" (cubao) or as "great place" (coabana).

HISTORY

HISTORY

Island was discovered by CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in 1492 followed development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations.

INDEPENDENCE FROM THE UNITED STATES:May 20, 1902: Cuba gained formal Independence from the United States as the republic of Cuba. After the Spanish-American War, Spain and the United States signed the Treaty of Paris (1898), by which Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam were ceded to the U.S. for the sum of $20 million. Under the same treaty Spain relinquished all claim of sovereignty over the title to Cuba.Under the new constitution, however, the U.S. retained the right to intervene in Cuban affairs and to supervise its finances and foreign relations. Under the Platt Amendment, the U.S. leased the Guantánamo Bay naval base from Cuba.

Geography

• Area: 110,860 sq km• Division of Area: land: 109,820 sq km and water: 1,040 sq

km• Climate: dry season (November to April); rainy season (May

to October)• Natural Resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium,

copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land• Land Use: arable land: 27.63%, permanent crops: 6.54%

and other: 65.83% • Irrigated Land: 8,700 sq km

Demography

• Population: 11,075,244 (July 2012 est.)• Population Growth Rate: -0.115% (2012 est.) country

comparison to the world: 202• Birth Rate: 9.96 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country

comparison to the world: 197• Death Rate: 7.52 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)

country comparison to the world: 114• Urban Population: 75% of total population (2010)• Rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)• Major city-population: HAVANA (capital) 2.14 million (2009)

Population:

The density of population is 100,3 habitants / km2

Cuban Population Distribution

Havana City20%

Santiago de Cuba9%

Other Provinces

62% Holguin9%

Cuban Population

Live in cities75%

Live out cities25%

Demography

• Ethnic Group: white 65.1%, mulatto and mestizo 24.8%, black 10.1% (2002 census)

• Language: Spanish (official)• Religion: nominally Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant,

Jehovah's Witnesses, Jewish, Santeria• Life Expectancy: total population: 77.87 years ; male: 75.61

years ; female: 80.27 years (2012 est.)• Health Expenditure: 11.8% of GDP (2009)• Education Expenditure: 13.6% of GDP (2008)• Literacy Rate:  99.8% ; age 15 and over can read and write

Economy

• Real GDP Growth rate: 1.5% (2010 est.)• Per Capita GDP: $9,900 (2010 est.)• Agriculture-products: sugar, tobacco, citrus, coffee,

rice, potatoes, beans; livestock• Industrial-products: sugar, petroleum, tobacco,

construction, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals

• Currency: Cuban peso (The basic unit of money in Cuba; equal to 100 centavos)

Economy

• Exports: $6.041 billion (2011 est.)• Exports-commodities: sugar, nickel, tobacco, fish, medical products, citrus,

coffee• Major Partners: China 24.8%, Canada 21.5%, Venezuela 7.1%, Netherlands

7.1%, Spain 6.5% (2011)• Imports: $13.96 billion (2011 est.)• Imports-commodities: petroleum, food, machinery and equipment, chemicals• Major Partners: Venezuela 37.4%, China 9.8%, Spain 8.4%, Brazil 5.2%,

Canada 4.4% (2011)• Labor force-by occupation: agriculture: 20% ; industry: 19.4% ;

services: 60.6% (2005)

Military

• Military Branches: Revolutionary Armed Forces like Revolutionary Army; Revolutionary Navy; Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Forces; Youth Labor Army

• Military service age and obligation: 17-28 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year service obligation; both sexes subject to military service (2006)

• Manpower for military service: males age 16-49: 2,998,201 females age 16-49: 2,919,107 (2010 est.)

• Military expenditure: 3.8% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

POLITICAL DIVISION OF CUBA

The Republic of Cuba has 15 provinces, 169 municipalities and one Special Municipality

Government

• Country name: Republic of Cuba• Government type: Communist state• Capital name: Havana• Political Division: 15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia)

and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara

• Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence

Government (Executive Branch)

• Executive: The president is both the chief of state and head of government ( Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz is president of Cuba since 24 February 2008) ; First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Jose Ramon MACHADO Ventura (since 24 February 2008)

• Elections: president and vice presidents elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held on 24 February 2008 (next to be held in 2013)

• Cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president of the Council of State

Government

• Legislative Branch: unicameral National Assembly of People's Power or Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular (number of seats in the National Assembly is based on population; 614 seats; members elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions to serve five-year terms)

• Judicial Branch: People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (judges are also elected by the National Assembly)

• Political Parties: Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Raul CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]

Everyone on earth has a right to be educated and, in return, the duty to

contribute to the education of others.

-José Martí

www.reicuba.org

Before the Revolution

• Very under developed• Poor system• <50% attendance• High drop out

Rmm.cl

there were 15 000 new classroomsWith 1000 000 students.

In 1961

In 2003 there were 2 386 000 students fromPre-scholar to pre-university

Students from Pre-school to Pre-university level (Course 2003-2004)

Lived at school16%

Lived at home84%

Cuban Iliterate in 1953

Iliterate30%

Literate70%

Cuban Iliterate in 1953

Iliterate30%

Literate70%

Half of the children of school age (800 000) didn’t go to the schools. More than 9 000 teachers were unemployed.

Classrooms in 1953

Classrooms49%It were not

in existence51%

FlexibleStructured

Student centredWith systematic faceto face activities.

The educational model

The National Cuban System of Education

It Is designed in order to learn and to form values

All citizens have the responsibility to educate others

The education is a right of all citizens

. The subsystems of the national Cuban education system

PRE-SCHOOL PRIMARY SECONDARY SPECIAL SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL FORMATION TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL PRE-UNIVERSITY HIGHER EDUCATION

SPECIAL LEARNING

428 schools26 Classrooms in hospitals or in houses There are 40 schools for difficult children.

100% of mental and physical disability boys and girls are attending schools .

99% who have graduated have a job.

Course duration : 44 weeks

(3 weeks free)

CURRICULUM: (extra—classes activities)

ART

SPORT

RECREATIONAL

HISTORICAL

VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE

PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE

NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE BASED COMPETITION

NATIONAL SKILLS BASED COMPETITION

USE OF CLASSROOM MENTORS

PRIMARY SCHOOLTo develop the intelligence

Efficiency Indicators Attending school (2004): 849 000Attending school retention: 100%Presence: 98.7%Double session: 99.9%Individualized Attention: 1 professor/20 students

SECONDARY

Register: 474 392 students in 1 005 schoolsOne assistant professor and one professor in Computing/15 students individual attention meeting with the parents parents’ school social workers Student snacks are provided by the government: 65% 100% double session 33 000 retired professors came back to work in the new educational programmes Attendance: 98% (ill, mental disability, severe incapacity) 144 left their courses, all of them returned to complete the course. Courses repeated 6943 (0,1%) daily evaluation Work and learning are integrated.

PRE-UNIVERSITY

Work and learning are integrated 30 students in each group Using videoconferences

374 schools in the country Attending school: 610 000 (including assistant students)

CUBAN HIGHER EDUCATION CUBAN HIGHER EDUCATION

University of HavanaUH (1728)

Central Universityof Las Villas UCLV (1952)

University of Oriente (1947)

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

64 state universities 938 campuses

2004

UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN CUBA

1959 1976 2003

3

28

64

Total enrolment: 15 609 83 957 300 000

Graduating women: 3% 37% 62%

General information about Cuban Higher Education

64 Universities 938 campuses, in all the Municipalities

Distribution of Students

In Campuses61%

Distance Learning

5%

At University34%

Professors

Part Time Professors

81%

Staff19%

POLYTECHNICS

Now articulated with High Level the use of TV, video, PC etc. is included

3

329

0

100

200

300

400

Qu

anti

ty

Year

Politechnic Institutes

1979

2004

Distribution of students by specialities

Education25%

Sports6%

Technician in Medicine

16%

Computing9%Art and

Other Specialities

44%

Principal ideas of the educational model

Unity between Education and Instruction

Link between Study and Work

UNIVERSITIES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN CUBA

1959 1976 2003

3

28

64

Total enrolment: 15 609 83 957 300 000

Graduating women: 3% 37% 62%

General information about Cuban Higher Education

64 Universities 938 campuses, in all the Municipalities

Distribution of Students

In Campuses

61%

Distance Learning

5%At

University34%

Professors

Part Time Professors

81%

Staff19%

POLYTECHNICS

Now articulated with High Level the use of TV, video, PC etc. is included

3

329

0

100

200

300

400

Qu

anti

ty

Year

Politechnic Institutes

1979

2004

Distribution of students by specialities

Education25%

Sports6%

Technician in Medicine

16%

Computing9%Art and

Other Specialities

44%

Principal ideas of the educational model

Unity between Education and Instruction

Link between Study and Work

Technology

• Recent Revolution• All Schools

– 1 TV– 1 Computer

• Community Internet

rmm.cl

Unique to Cuba

• Monopoly– Control books prices– No competition– Reuse of materials– Free education material

• Same Government– No drastic changes– Evaluation for 40 years

Some Characteristics Of Cuban Education System

• Cuba devotes about 10 percent to 11 percent of its GDP to education.

• Cuba has invested substantial resources in non-salary items. Until March 1999, 60 percent of the Educa-tion budget was devoted to teachers' salaries with the remaining 40 percent for non-salary items used to support instruction.

Characteristics Of Cuban Education System

• These objectives were set, of course, by the same party that has run the country for almost 40 years.

• Education is a long-term investment requiring consistent policies and political stability to grow. This stability, however, was achieved at the cost of one-party rule.

• approximately 50 percent of students who complete grade 9 enterTechnical and Vocational Education (TVE).

Characteristics Of Cuban Education System

• The Cuban state has a monopoly on all aspects of production of educational materials-design, publishing,and distribution. As a consequence, the state is able to keep costs low, address the learning needs of the poor, and distribute all educational materials free.

• Cuban schools give children responsibility for a variety of tasks appropriate to their ages. In primary school,for example, children clean the school, fix broken facilities, help fellow students with difficulties, discuss class and school problems, and work in the school garden.