DIRECT QUESTIONS:

A sentence that asks a question and always ends with a question mark.

EXAMPLES:

*Where are you going? (Wh Question)

*Will you travel by train or by boat? (Alternative Question)

*Are they ready? (Yes/No Question)

INDIRECT QUESTIONS:

They are often used to be more polite or tentative when you´re asking a question. We use If/Either for Yes/No type indirect questions.

EXAMPLES:

*Do you know when the concert begins?

*I wonder when he will arrive.

*Can you tell me how to check out a book?

These prepositions are used to indicate actual position, and they can also be used in expressions.

EXAMPLES:

*Someone is at the door. (To show a specific place or position)

*The cat sat on the floor. (Shows that something taking place is on something)

*The dog is in the garden. (Shows that something taking place is inside)

This prepositions define time.

EXAMPLES:

*I have a meeting at 9 a.m. (Precise time)

*In England, it often snows in December. (Months, years, centuries and long periods)

*Her birthday is on November 20. (Days and dates)

Can be used to show movement.

EXAMPLES:

*He arrived at the party. (We use at with arrive)

*I moved to Germany in 1998. (Show movement of a specific destination)

*I walked into the house. (To move to an inside area)

*The dog was running towards me. (Moving in a particular direction)

Actions that are repeated or habitual.

EX: *I get up at 9 a.m.

States

EX: *I like coffee.

Statements that are always truth.

EX: *The sun sets in the west.

Is used for actions that have begun but not finished. It can also be used to talk about future arrangements.

EXAMPLES:

*I think she´s revising. (Actions happening now)

*She´s always borrowing money from me. (Annoying or surprising habbits with always)

Fairly usually modifies adjectives and adverbs. It does not suggest a high degree.

EXAMPLE:*That house is fairly big. It has 2 bedrooms.

Quite suggest a higher degree than fairly. It can be used with a/an + noun. It can modify verbs and nouns as well as adjectives and adverbs.

EXAMPLE:*I´m quite tired but I can work more.

Pretty is stronger than quite. It can suggest more than was expected and similar ideas.

EXAMPLE:*That´s a pretty cool laptop.

A bit is often used with the same meaning as little.

EXAMPLE:*That sounds a bit depressing, don´t you think?

Really is used to show emphasis. It can be used with adjectives, adverbs and verbs.

EXAMPLE:*The FCE is really important for me.

Extremely, incredibly and terribly are also used to show emphasis. They are used in a similar way to very, but they are stronger.

EXAMPLES:*I´m terribly sorry.

*We were extremely amazed with cirque du solei.

*She was incredibly happy for seeing him

To a higher degree (comparative form + than)

EXAMPLE:

*New York is more exciting than Seattle.

To the same degree (so…as)

EXAMPLE:

*Yesterday was so hot as today.

To a lower degree (comparative: with less + than) (superlative: the least)

EXAMPLES:

*This book is less expensive than that one.

*That joke was the least fun I´ve ever heard

Not as…as

EXAMPLE:

*Last test wasn´t as difficult as this one.

As…as

EXAMPLE:

*That painting is as beautiful as the other one.

When the object is the same person/thing as the subject.

EXAMPLE:

*He talks about himself.

When you want to emphasise the subject or object.

EXAMPLE:

*I´d like to talk to the girl herself

With by to mean alone.

EXAMPLE:

*Those girls were in the house by themselves.

To mean “without the help of others” (on my own/on his own).

EXAMPLE:

*She makes her clothes on her own.

To mean “alone” (on my own/on his own)

EXAMPLE:

*He went to the park on his own.

To mean “belonging to no other person” (my own/her own).

EXAMPLE:

*I live in my own house.

PAST SIMPLE:-To talk about events in the past that a re now finished.

EXAMPLE:

*I saw a movie yesterday.

-To talk about habits in the past.

EXAMPLE:

*I studied French when I was a child.

-To talk about situations in the past.

EXAMPLE:

*When I was your age, I played the violin.

-In reported speech

EXAMPLE:

*He said he didn´t travel to Korea.

PAST CONTINUOUS:*Last night at 6 p.m. we were eating dinner. (Actions in progress in the past)

*Last summer, I was working at a hotel. (Temporary situations at the past)

*She was going to the movies, but her mom was in the hospital so she decided not to go. (Anticipated events that did not happen)

*I was watching T.V. when she called. (An event that was in progress when another event happened)

*While the phone was ringing, she was writing a letter. (Actions in progress at the same time in the past)

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE:-To refer to a time earlier than a nother past time.

EXAMPLE:

*Before I came here, I had spoken to Jake.

-In reported speech.

EXAMPLE:

*She said she had seen him yesterday.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:-Using the past perfect continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.

EXAMPLE:

*Sam gained weight because he had been eating a lot.

AS:-Usually introduce less important information and often go at the beginning of the sentence

EXAMPLE:

*As everyone knows, the sun is hot.

-Is used to talk about two situations which develop or change together.

EXAMPLE:

*As I get closer, I can see things better.

WHEN:-We often use when to refer to periods of life.

EXAMPLE:

*When I was young, I used to live in London.

WHILE:-We usually use while to describe two longer actions or situations going on at the same time.

EXAMPLE:

*While you were sleeping, I was making dinner.

Eventually/finally:-Mean “in the end”. We use them to say that something happensa after a long time or a lot of effort.

EXAMPLE:

*After a long time, she eventually/finally came home.

At first/to begin with:-Refer to the beginning of a situation, to make a contrast with something different that happens later.

EXAMPLE:

*At first/to begin with he was really happy, but then he got sad with no reason.

as soon as:-Can be used to talk about two actions or events that happen very quickly one after the other.

EXAMPLE:

*As soon as the news appeared in T.V., everyone was freaked out.

AFTER/AFTERWARDS/AFTER THAT:-After is not usually used alone. Instead we use other expressions like afterwards or after that.

EXAMPLE:

*Sandra washed the dishes after they had finished eating.

*We had lunch and afterwards we went to the cinema.

*First we went to the movies. After that we went for some coffee.

By the time:-Is used before a verb and means “not later than”.

EXAMPLE:

*By the time you arrive, they will have eaten dinner.

CAN:-We use can to ask for and give permission.

EXAMPLE:

*You can play with me if you want.

COULD:-We use could to ask for permission qhen you are not sure what the anser will be.

EXAMPLE:

*Could I use your computer to email my boss?

MAY:-We use may to ask for or give permission in formal situations.

EXAMPLE:

*May I use your telephone?

OUGHT TO/SHOULD:-We use should and ought to to talk about obligations and duties in the future, present and past.

EXAMPLE:

*I should/ought to study more.

MUST:*We must hurry. (Talk about present and future strong obligations and necessities that come from the speaker)

*Must I call them? (Ask about what the listener wants you to do)

*You mustn´t drink and drive. (Tell people not to do things)

NEEDN´T/DON´T NEED/DON´T HAVE TO:-To talk about a lack of obligation in the present or future.

EXAMPLE:

*We needn´t/don´t need/don´t have to do it.

-We use used to to talk about past habits and states that do not occur now or longer exist.

EXAMPLES:

*I used to go to the beach every day.

*Jerry used to study english.

-Would is also used to talk about pas habits and repeated actions but nor about past states.

EXAMPLES:

*When they first met, they would always have picnics on the beach.

*When he was young, he would always do his homework.