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Digital GraphicsFile types and their uses
Digital Graphics
0There are two main types of Digital Graphics0 Raster0 Vector
0Raster Graphics are made up of Bitmaps0Vector Graphics are made up of Vectors/Paths
Bitmaps0Raster graphics are made up of bitmaps0Bitmaps are a graphic made up of pixels.
Each pixel/bit records the colour information of that section of the image.
0Bitmapped images have a fixed resolution (like when we set Photoshop to 300dpi) which means resizing can result in distortion
Bitmaps0 When a camera mentions
megapixels, its relating to how many million pixels/bits it separates the picture into.
0 14 Megapixels = 14,000,000 pixels0 Separates the image into millions of
little squares and records what colour that part of the image should be
0 That’s why when you get a picture off the internet and it goes pixelated is because its been compressed into less megapixels
Vectors0Vector graphics are made up of Vectors (also
known as paths and strokes)0Vectors/paths are defined by a start and an end
points, with curves, points and angles between them
0From this information the path can become a line, a square, a triangle, or a curvy shape.
Vectors0Can be scaled big and small as Vectors have no loss in
definition. 0Perfect for company logos- can be small on business card
or huge on a billboard
Raster Graphics0 JPEG0 Joint Photographic Experts
Group0Photographs and Web
formats0Photographs on Facebook
are saved as JPEG0 Loses quality with multiple
edits due to compression and recompression each time edited
Raster Graphics0TIFF
0 Tagged Image File Format0 Desktop Publishing (popular
with graphic designers)0 Adobe InDesign documents
saved as TIFFs can save multi-page documents to a single TIFF file
0 TIFF have the option of Lossless compression; doesn’t lose any quality due to compression
Raster Graphics0GIF
0 Graphics Interchange Format0 Used for short digital
animations, often on the internet
0 A series of images played one after another in a loop to create the appearance of a video
Raster Graphics
0BMP0 Bitmap image file0 Similar to TIFF and JPEG0 No loss in compression 0 Has a large file size
Vector Graphics0PSD
0 Photoshop Document0 Image Manipulation0 Front cover images for
magazines0 Saves layers, page formatting
information, swatches etc0 Supports transparency
Vector Graphics0AI
0 Adobe Illustrator Art0 Logos creation0 Graphics to represent a
company (logos)0 Can be scaled big and
small as Vectors have no loss in definition.
Vector Graphics0 FLA
0Flash File0Used to create animation
and games0Can produce high quality
files with a small file size0Can include sound and
video
Vector Graphics0WMF
0 Windows Metafile0 Similar to AI files0 Used for logos0 Can be scaled big and small as
Vectors have no loss in definition.
0 Can contain both vector and bitmap components
Compression0Lossy compression is the way in which files sizes
are reduced by reducing the amount of information that is saved.
0 Images become more pixelated as they are compressed as they save smaller amounts of coloured squares each time
Low compression
Medium compression
High compression
Image Capture0Graphics can be captured in a variety
of ways0 Scanner
0You can digitise physical images like sketches, physical photos or mixed media products
0 Digital Camera0Taking pictures
0 Tablet0A piece of technology that allows you to
control the mouse like a pen, allowing for enhanced control of drawing/selection/digital handwriting
Optimising0 Images that are uploaded to the internet are optimised to ensure
easy viewing on the web.0 Images that are not optimised normally have a large file size, leading
downloads to take a lot longer.0 The larger the file size (pixel information) the longer images take to
download.0 Images should not be more than 500 pixels wide.0 You can optimise for web my changing “Image Size” in Photoshop.
Optimising0 Images can be optimised by:
0 Reducing image size0 Reducing bit depth
0Bit depth refers to the amount of “bits” used regarding the colour of individual pixels
0 Reducing resolution0The amount of pixels within the image
0 Compressing images
8 bits (256 colours)
4 bits (16 colours)
2 bits (4 colours)
Task
0 You need to;0 Complete the Digital Graphics Pro-Forma0 Research each file format listed and describe in detail the
features of the format0 Name0 What the name stands for0 What the format is used for0 The advantages of using the format0 The disadvantages of using the format
0 Link what you are discussing to specific industry examples (where are JPEGs used in the media? etc)
0 Include images to help illustrate your examples.0 Discuss compression, capture, optimising, storage
