T S PRADEEP KUMARVIT CHENNAI

HTTP: / /WWW.NSNAM.COM

Energy Efficient and Application dependent Multicasting Protocol

Introduction

Nodes are battery powered, so energy is a constraintPacket error probability on a link is used to

determine the energy for transmitting a packet on that link

Expected energy from node I to node j is E(reliable) =E / (1-Pij)Pij is the probability packet error probability and 1/(1-Pij) is the expected number of retransmissions required from node i to jThis reliable E(reliable) is used in constructing the energy efficient trees.

Energy Efficient MRP (E2MRP)

It is a mesh based protocolTwo phases

Minimum energy consumed per packet (MECP) The received power at node is directly proportional to da

Where d is the distance between the sender and receiver and a is the constant

If Pij is the power required to transmit a packet from node I to j

Dij is the distance between the I and j Rk is the cost of power for a route from source 1 to

destination N Rk = ∑Pi,i+1 = ∑d2(ni,ni+1) where i varies from 1 to N-1. The Rk with lowest value is selected for the route

Energy Efficient MRP (E2MRP)

Two phases Minimum Maximum Node Cost (MMNC)

Ci(Vi(t)) = Y / Vi(t) where Y is constant Vi(t) is energy consumed by node i until time t. Rk = max (Ci (Vi(t)) and the route with Minimum Rk is

selected

Operation Protocol switches between MECP and MMNC Mesh is first formed using MECP and a Cost Function

Switcher is set (CFS) Once CFS times out, the system switches to MMNC

and when the timer Expires, Switches to MECP

Application dependent MRP

Role Based multicastContest Based MulticastLocation based multicast

Role based multicast

Useful for inter vehicle communicationSource is usually stationery (means it met

with an accidentThe receivers are moving at high speed

towards the source after getting an information about the accidents.

The role played by these vehicles are rescue nodes or receiver nodes.

This model will not be suitable if the source nodes are also moving.

Content based multicast

Used mainly in the battlefield wherein all the sources and receivers are moving frequently.

The content which the sources are transmitting are received by the receivers.

The information may be threats and resources to the receiver nodes.

To make the receiver nodes know the identity of the senders and the sender also needs to know the identify of receivers, two techniques are used… Sensor push messages Receiver pull messages

Content based multicast

Sensor push will be used by the block leaders in pushing the data to the receivers.

Receiver pull messages are initiated by the receivers when they need data. If the block leaders does not have data, it will request the other members about the data before the receiver pull messages timeout and transmit the data to the receivers.

Location based multicast