Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol For MANET

Presentation OutlineIntroduction

Review of Multipath Routing ProtocolsEnergy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for MANET

Conclusions

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol forMANET

Presented ByPrasanta Kumar Manohari

Silicon Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar

7thSep. 2015

Presented By Prasanta Kumar Manohari SIT-2015



Conclusions

Presentation Outline

Introduction

Multipath Routing

Review of Multipath Routing Protocols

Multipath Routing Classifications

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for MANET

Proposed Energy Aware Multipath Routing Protocol

Simulation Results and Analysis

Conclusions

Conclusions




Conclusions

Multipath Routing

Multipath Routing

I Multipath routing protocol has multiple numbers of routesbetween a source and destination.

Figure: Multipath Routing

I It overcomes certain limitation of single path routing.




Conclusions

Multipath Routing

I Multipath routing protocol gives some benefits, such as:I Higher utilization of bandwidth,I Lower end-to-end delay,I Higher throughput andI Higher network life etc.

I Multipath also associated with some issues like:I How to discover multiple paths,I How to distribute the load among the multiple paths.

I Path discovery in multipath approach is very much similar tosingle path approach.




Conclusions

Multipath Routing

I Multipath routing protocols prefers disjoint paths.I Paths can be disjoint in two ways:

I Node-disjoint and,I Link-disjoint.

I Nodedisjoint paths do not have any nodes in common, exceptthe source and destination. It also do not have any links incommon.

I Link-disjoint do not have any links in common, but they mayhave common nodes.




Conclusions



I Some on-demand routing protocols based on multipath pathselection are discussed.

I We are categories them as;I AODV variants,I DSR variants and,I Hybrid variants.

I AODV, DSR and ZRP are considered to be the most popularrouting protocols in MANET.




Conclusions


Multipath Protocols Based On AODV

I Many variants of AODV have been proposed in literature.Some multipath extension of AODV approaches are;

I AOMDV: Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance VectorI SMORT: Scalable Multipath On-demand RoutingI MNL-AODV: Multipath Node-disjoint with Backup List AODVI AODV-MAP: AODV Multiple Alternative PathsI QAAMR: QoS Aware Adaptive Multipath Routing

I The main ideas in AOMDV protocol is to find loop-free andlink-disjoint paths.

I AOMDV improves fault-tolerance by selecting disjoint paths.




Conclusions



I SMORT main objective is to minimize the routing overhead.

I It uses the fail-safe multiple paths instead of nodedisjoint andlink-disjoint.

I A path is said to be fail-safe, if it passes through at least oneintermediate nodes on the primary path.

Figure: Fail-safe path




Conclusions



I MNL-AODV uses two node-disjoint routes in between thesource-destination pairs.

I AODV-MAP protocol is designed to compute not onlynode-disjoint paths but also fail-safe paths.

I Fail-safe path gives the computation of more alternative pathsthan node-disjoint and link-disjoint multipath routing.

I QAAMR is uses loop-free distance vector routing, which foundsingle path in hop by hop mode.




Conclusions


Multipath Protocols Based On DSR

I Few multipath extension of DSR approaches are;I SMR: Split Multipath RoutingI MSR: Multipath Source RoutingI DMSR: Delay-Aware Multipath Source Routing

I SMR establishes multiple routes of maximally disjoint paths tominimize route discovery and control message overhead.

I In SMR, the destination node chooses two maximally disjointpaths.

I The first path is considered as shortest path and another pathis alternative path.




Conclusions


Multipath Protocols Based On DSR

I MSR proposes a mechanism to distribute load over multiplepaths, based on the round trip time (RTT).

I It uses source routing mechanism in the route discovery.

I DMSR adds two characteristics in the route discovery process.

I One is maximum delay demand for current services and otheris accumulation delay.




Conclusions


Multipath Protocols Based On Hybrid

I Few multipath extension of hybrid approaches are;I MP-OLSR: Multipath Optimized Link-State RoutingI SDMR: Spatially Disjoint Multipath Routing

I MP-OLSR is a hybrid multipath routing protocol. It takesadvantages of multi point relay mechanism.

I It applies multiple description coding for data changeover.

I SDMR is find multiple paths in route discovery, measuringdistance between nodes.




Conclusions

Proposed Energy Aware Multipath Routing ProtocolSimulation Results and Analysis

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing

I EAOMDV( Energy Efficient Ad Hoc On-demand MultipathDistance Vector) aims to improves the efficiency of multipathrouting in MANETs.

I The working principle of EAOMDV is basically same asAOMDV(Ad Hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector).

I It uses multiple routes, alternate path, and link andnode-disjoint paths.

I It also uses loop freedom mechanism and finding link-disjointpaths in its route discovery process.




Conclusions


Route Cost Function for Proposed Protocol

I The Route Cost Function (RCF) is

RCF = (α ∗Wad + β ∗Wal) ∗ Tdc (1)

I Residual Power Consideration The formula to calculate theenergy consumption is computed as:

Energy = Power ∗ Time (2)

The time needed for handling a data packet is:

Time = 8 ∗ Packetsize/Bandwidth (3)




Conclusions


Residual Power Consideration

I The total energy consumed by a node forwarding a datapacket Etotal is:

Etotal = Etn + Ern (4)

I Where, Etn and Ern indicate the amount of energy consumedby a node.

I The energy delay weights Wad at the node is

Wad = 1 − Eacurrent/Etotal (5)

We know 0 ≤ Wad ≤ 1;




Conclusions


Traffic Load Consideration

I The present traffic load delay weights Wal is computed as::

Wal = Qacurrent/Qamax (6)

I We know 0 ≤ Wal ≤ 1,the higher Wal value indicates moretraffic load at the node




Conclusions


The Implementation of Proposed Protocol

I Residual Energy Attribute: a node in the network has twostates:

1. Active and2. Inactive State

I Traffic Load Attributes: the load queue is a queue maintainedby node. We have considered the queue parameter ineaomdv rqueue.cc.

I Modifications on the source file:I eaomdv.hI eaomdv.cc




Conclusions


I Packet Delivery Fraction(PDF): It is the ratio of number ofpackets successfully received to the total number of packetsent.

I End-to-end delay(E2ED): Average time taken by all packetsto reach the destination.

I Normalized Routing Load(NRL): The number of routingcontrol packets transmitted per data packet delivered at thedestination.

I Residual energy(RE): The amount of residual energy orbattery life for each node at the end of simulation time.




Conclusions


Simulation Parameters

Simulator NS-2.35

Simulation time 300s

No of nodes 60, 80, 100

Simulation area 1000*1000 m2

Traffic type Constant Bit Rate(CBR)

Mobility model Random Way point (RWP)

Node speed 10 m/s

Pause time 30 sec

Queue length 50 packets

Table: Table of simulation parameters




Conclusions


Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF)

Figure: PDF for 60 numbers of nodes




Conclusions


Packet Delivery Fraction





Conclusions


Packet Delivery Fraction





Conclusions


End-to-END Delay (E2ED)

Figure: E2ED performance for 60 numbers of nodes




Conclusions







Conclusions







Conclusions


Normalized Routing Load (NRL)

Figure: NRL performance for 60 numbers of nodes




Conclusions







Conclusions







Conclusions


Residual Energy (RE)

Figure: RE performance for 60 numbers of nodes




Conclusions







Conclusions







Conclusions

Conclusions

Conclusions

I It is found that, multipath routing has many benefits, such as; higherthroughput, lower end-to-end delay, higher network lifetime etc.

I It improves energy efficiency and reliability of networks.

I Node-disjoint paths are used in most of the multipath routing protocols.

I Also, it is found that the proposed EAOMDV performs better in term ofhigher packet delivery fraction and higher energy efficiency. It has alsolower end-to-end delay and lower routing overhead.

I The future work will be focused on to extending our work further by usingother types of mobility models and at different traffic models.




Conclusions

Conclusions

References

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Network and Computer Applications. vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 11251143, 2009.

3. C. E. Perkins, and E. M. Royer. Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routingc.IEEE, pp. 90100, 1999.

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5. M. K. Marina, and S. R. Das. Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing.Wireless Communications and Mobile

Computing, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 969988, 2006.

6. L. Reddeppa Reddy, and S. Raghavan. Smort: Scalable multipath ondemand routing for mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc

Networks, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 162188, 2007.

7. S.-J. Lee and M. Gerla. Split multipath routing with maximally disjoint paths in ad hoc networks. IEEE, pp. 32013205, 2001.

8. J. J. Galvez, P. M. Ruiz, and A. F. Skarmeta. Multipath routing with spatial separation in wireless multi-hop networks without

location information. Computer Networks, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 583599, 2011.




Conclusions

Conclusions

Dissemination Of Work

I Conference Proceedings1. Prasanta K.Manohari, and Niranjan Ray,EAOMDV: An

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol for MANET, Tobe publication in the Proceeding of Power, Communication andInformation Technology Conference, Bhubaneswar, India, 2015.

2. Prasanta K.Manohari, and Niranjan Ray, Multipath RoutingProtocols in MANETs: A Study, In Proceeding of InternationalConference on Futuristic Trends in Computational Analysis andKnowledge Management, Greater Noida, India, 2015.

I Book Chapters1. Prasanta K. Manohari, and Niranjan Ray, Security Aspect in

Multipath Routing Protocols, Communicated to Handbook ofResearch on Next Generation Wireless Network Security andPrivacy, IGI Global 2015, DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8687-8.




Conclusions

Thank You


Education

Energy Efficient Multipath Routing Protocol For MANET