Short Term Training Programme on

Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater

5-9 October, 2009

Ecological Sanitation: UDD Toilet

Dr K D Yadavkdjhansi@yahoo.com

SV National Institute of Technology, Surat

Tuesday 06 October, 2009

Who I Am……..• Lecturer in Civil Engineering Department in Environmental Section…….

• Prof I/C PRO• Prof I/C Hindi Cell, Solid Waste Management

• B E( Civil ) Nagpur University….• ME (Environmental) Govt Engg College, Ujjain Vikram University• Ph D (Environmental) IIT Kanpur

• International Ecosan Expert• Ecosan Trainer for Indian Government• Consultant for GTZ, UNICEF, WHO, TSC……… for ecosan training( Devloping

Countries) and & performance monitoring of ecosan projects in India

• Development of Green Toilet for Indian Railway• Technical Manual on Composting and Vermicomposting of Organic Waste

• Present Ongoing Research Project– Campus Waste Management by Composting Process– Solar Disinfection for Drinking Water Treatment

• Number of Publication: # 17

• Area of Research:– Organic Waste Management – Ecological Sanitation

Sanitation

The hygienic disposal or recycling of waste materials, particularly human excrement which is essential

for the prevention of disease.

 • Isolate communities from exposure to human and

animal excretions (e.g. prevent contamination of water).

• Prevent carrier organisms (e.g. flies) from contacting the excreta and subsequently transmitting disease to human.

• Contain the excreta and/or inactive the pathogen.

Human Excreta

Urine Feces120-400 g wet feces/c/dayInfluenced by physique, diet and water intake

1.0 – 1.5 L/c/dayInfluenced by diet, temperature, body posture, exercise, etc.

• Rich in Ions

Feces

• Mostly Urea

• Minimal Pathogens

• Mostly Organic matter

•Heavily pathogenic

Urine

Human Excreta

Feces

Human ExcretaQuantity & Resource Value

S.No Parameter Feces Urine Excreta

Quantity and consistency

1 Gram/capita/day (wet) 250 1,200 1,450

2 Gram/capita/day (dry) 50 60 110

Chemical Composition (% of dry solids)

1 Organic matter 92 75 83

2 Carbon C 48 13 29

3 Nitrogen N 4-7 14-18 9-12

4 Phosphorus (as P2O5) 4 3.7 3.8

5 Potassium (as K2O) 1.6 3.7 2.7

Comparison with other wastes (% of dry solids)

N P2O5 K2O

1 Human excreta 9-12 3.8 2.7

2 Plant matter 1-11 0.5-2.8 1.1-11

Soil Nutrients Requirement

The plants need the 16 essential nutrients for survivability and growth (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron, chlorine and molybdenum).

• Primary: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium (NPK)

• Secondary: Magnesium, Calcium and Sulfur (Ca, Mg, S)

• Trace elements: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Boron, Chlorine and Molybdenum).

Nitrogen is essential constituents of metabolically active compounds such as amino acids, proteins, enzymes and few non-proteins compounds

Nitrogen is needed for leaf and stem growth, and it gives a dark green color to plants.

Phosphorous helps make plants more drought resistant and hardy.

Potassium also develops the resistance to plants against fungal and bacterial disease.

Problems with Present Sanitation System

Based on using water for collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal of human excretions

Water Closet

Water Scarcity

G.W Contamination

Soil Degradation

1. Nitrogen Cycle Affected

2. Environmental Harmful

Burden Treatment Plant

Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) 

An approach that aims at utilization of human excretions for primary production using productive systems.

1. Promotes health and prevents diseases

2. Protects environment and conserves resources

3. Recovers and recycles nutrients

Three Basic principles of Ecosan:

Yellow-Water(urine)

Brown -Water(Feces)

Seperation of Waters

Anal Cleaning Water( May Be)

Urine Diversion Dehydration (UDD) Toilet

Where it Suitable…….

1. High Water Table

2. Water Sacristy Area

3. Hard Rocky Soil

4. Need of Organic Fertilizer

• Liquid ( Urine)

• Compost

Three whole pan

Ecosan Pan

Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilet

Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilet

Thanks for attention

Short Term Training Programme on

Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater

5-9 October, 2009