Earth work

2013

Earth Work Calculation

Atiqa Khan

1 Earth Work Calculation

14-Nov-13

Table of Contents

1. List of Figures 02

2. List of Tables 02

3. Chapter 01 03

a. Introduction to Earth Work 03

b. Cut and Fill 03

c. Cross-sectional Area 03

d. Earth Work Analysis 04

4. Chapter 02 05

a. Objective 05

b. Study Area 05

c. Data Source 05

d. Data Format 05

e. Software 06

f. Given Task 06

g. Methodology 06

h. Calculations 08

i. Results 09

5. References 11

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List of Figures

1. Figure 1: Cross-Sectional Area 04

2. Figure 2: Tank Road 05

3. Figure 3: Sample_Data 06

4. Figure 4: Fill_Sample 07

5. Figure 5: Cut_Sample 07

6. Figure 6: Sample Drawing 08

7. Figure 7: Excel Sheet_Sample 08

List of Table

1. Table 1: Result-l 09

2. Table 2: Result-ll 10

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Chapter 01

Introduction to Earth Work

By definition, earth work is defined as:

“Earth work is the excavation, hauling, and placing of soil, rock, gravel, or other material

found below the surface of earth.”

(Surveyor Reference Manual; By George M. Cole, Andrew L. Harbin)

By the word earth work means, all the processes involving in the movement of the different

materials, soil, rocks, and all such materials that are involved in construction. This is the main

part over the construction side. All the accuracy and cost depends upon the level of earth

work.so this has to be done very precisely.

Cut Fill

Cut is defined as:

“Earthwork that is excavated, or to be excavated is known as Cut.”


Similarly, Fill is defined as:

“Excavated that is placed in the embankment (Raise up) is said to be Fill.”


One thing should be kept in mind that the payment of earth work is either for cut or fill, not

for both. It is like paying, for the same earth twice. Normally, the units are „Cubic yards‟.

Cross Section Area

The main task of the earth work is to calculate the cross sectional area of cut and fill

separately. This will help the constructer to estimate the amount of earth that is required to be

moved. That in return decides the cost of the project.

It can be calculated by hand, dividing the cross section into either in triangle or trapezoids,

depending upon the requirement.

Or it can be calculated by the aid of software.

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Fig 1: Cross Section Area

Earth Work Analysis

There are few steps that are common to each earth work calculations, either by hand or by

software. These steps are as follows:

1. Take cross-sections (typically 25m)

2. Define natural ground level.

3. Define proposed level.

4. Indicate the cut and fill areas.

5. Estimate the area measurements of cut and fill.

6. Estimate the volume per cut and per fill.

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Chapter 02

Objective:

The objective is minimized the earth work calculation so to exactly estimate the amount of

cut and fill in the construction area.

Study Area

The study area is „Tank Road‟, D.I. Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, located at

31°50'53.78" N, 70°52'19.84" E, at the elevation of 585 ft. Located at a distance of 61 km

from D.I.Khan Bypass.

Fig 2: Tank Road, D.I.Khan

Data Sources

The source of data is observed cross-sectional points by total level at locations 25m apart.

Data Format

The format of data is in “.dwg”, related to the “Auto-Cad”. One of the examples is as shown

below:

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Fig 3: Sample Data

Where,

Red Line shows: Original Road

White Line shows: Designed Road

Software

The software used here is:

Auto Cad

Microsoft Excel 2010

Given Task

My task is to calculate the areas of cut and fill. The area assigned to me was: ‘X-Section at km

13+025 ~ 14+000’. This make a total of 1km, divided into 40 parts each at 25m apart.

Methodology

The method was just simple. Followed by some steps, defined as below:

1. Open the Auto-cad.

2. Open the file. (e.g. 13+025)

3. Type ‘pl’ in the Command line.

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4. Identify the Cut and Fill portions as follows:

a. If the Red line (original road) is below the White line (designed road), then

this portion has to be filled. So known as ‘Fill’.

Fig 4: Fill_Sample

b. If the Red line (original road) is above the White line (designed road), then

this portion has to be cut. So known as ‘Cut’.

Fig 5: Cut_sample

5. Complete a polygon, by placing points on the ‘Nodes’ at the given cut/fill.

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6. Click on the ‘Properties’. And find out the area of the observed polygon.

Fig 6: Sample_Calculation

Calculations

1. Note the area in the excel sheet, for cut/fill separately.

2. Calculate the volume for each of the cut/fill by multiplying each cut/fill area by 25.

3. Then calculate the difference of both values (cut/fill).

Fig 7: Excel Sheet_sample

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Results

The final result in the form of Excel sheet is give as follows:

X Section at km 13+050 ~ 14+000

Serial No.

RD Cut Area(m) Fill Area(m) Cut Volume(m3)

Fill Volume(m3)

Difference

1 13+025 10.906 272.65 2 13+050 10.717 267.925 3 13+075 10.167 254.175 4 13+100 9.561 239.025 5 13+125 9.551 238.775 6 13+150 9.478 236.95 7 13+175 9.675 241.875 8 13+200 9.324 233.1 9 13+225 9.035 225.875

10 13+250 8.997 224.925 11 13+275 8.715 217.875 12 13+300 8.408 210.2 13 13+325 8.089 202.225

14 13+350 8.934 223.35 15 13+375 9.057 226.425 16 13+400 9.074 226.85 17 13+425 9.153 228.825 18 13+450 9.407 235.175 19 13+475 9.468 236.7 20 13+500 9.799 244.975 21 13+525 9.521 238.025 22 13+550 8.902 222.55 23 13+575 9.325 233.125 24 13+600 8.905 222.625 25 13+625 9.447 236.175 26 13+650 9.35 233.75 27 13+675 9.241 231.025 28 13+700 8.885 222.125 29 13+725 8.433 210.825 30 13+750 8.426 210.65 31 13+775 8.501 212.525 32 13+800 8.843 221.075 33 13+825 7.987 199.675 34 13+850 8.779 219.475 35 13+875 8.115 202.875 36 13+900 7.486 187.15 37 13+925 6.939 173.475 38 13+950 6.427 160.675 39 13+975 6.068 151.7 40 14+000 5.334 133.35

Table 1: Result-l

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Serial No Cumulative Avg. (Fill) Cumulative Avg. (Fill_vol)

01 10.8115 270.2875

02 21.2535 531.3375

03 31.1175 777.9375

04 40.6735 1016.8375

05 50.188 1254.7

06 59.7645 1494.1125

07 69.264 1731.6

08 78.4435 1961.0875

09 87.4595 2186.4875

10 96.3155 2407.8875

11 104.877 2621.925

12 113.1255 2828.1375

13 121.637 3040.925

14 130.6325 3265.8125

15 139.698 3492.45

16 148.8115 3720.2875

17 158.0915 3952.2875

18 167.529 4188.225

19 177.1625 4429.0625

20 186.8225 4670.5625

21 196.034 4900.85

22 205.1475 5128.6875

23 214.2625 5356.5625

24 223.4385 5585.9625

25 232.837 5820.925

26 242.1325 6053.3125

27 251.1955 6279.8875

28 259.8545 6496.3625

29 268.284 6707.1

30 276.7475 6918.6875

31 285.4195 7135.4875

32 293.8345 7345.8625

33 302.2175 7555.4375

34 310.6645 7766.6125

35 318.465 7961.625

36 325.6775 8141.9375

37 332.3605 8309.0125

38 338.608 8465.2

39 344.309 8607.725

40 523.1905 13079.7625

Total 7727.5465 193188.6625

Table 2: Result-ll

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References

1. Surveyor Reference Manual, By George M. Cole, Andrew L. Harbin

2. CIVL 361, Earthwork, Dr. Mehmet M. Kunt, Fall 2009, EMU

Education

Earth work