E learning, gamal s. ahmed

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

E- learning theory and

practice.

National Center for E-learning and Distance Learning.

The Second International Conference of E- learning and Distance Education.

Riyadh, KSA .

Research presented to the conference titled

The Effectiveness of E-learning Process and

Design of E-learning Environments.

Gamal S. Allam

PhD of Curricula and Teaching

Cairo University, [email protected]

E-learning for now and towards the global future

The Effectiveness of E-learning Process and Design of E-learning Environments.

Problem of the research:

Although e-learning has covered the vast educational needs, it is met by many obstacles in developing and generalizing of it worldly .

Joellen and others (2005), Kearsley (2000) and Liu (1999) decided that many learning methods like virtual, distance, online and e-learning, those form a new phenomenon in education and still making of debating issues .

Comparative studies :

*comparative Study findings of Shiang Wang (2008) indicated that non-significant differences between online learning and face-to-face learning, especially in some

cognitive and affective outcomes. Those conclusions are confirming the educational needs to research both of process and

environment of e-learning.

The questions of the research:

So the present research will be treating sequentially both of the following questions:

1-What is the e-learning process that enables students to practice of the e-learning successfully?

2 -What are the formal and constructional characteristics of e-learning environment which agree with e-learning process and enable to design an effective e-learning

system?

Importance of the research questions:

Generally; treat these main questions effectively would be helping to avoidance the critical factors of e-learning outcomes, certificates and accreditation, at the same time will respond to rarity and disagreement of the researches findings about the effectiveness of e-learning;

Theoretical, practical and organic views of the e- learning process

In order to answer the first question, which aims to know what is the e-learning process that enables students to practice of the e-learning successfully?

It is essential to treat theoretical, practical and organic views of the e-learning process, as

following :

FirstlyTheoretical view of e-learning process:

The observational learning theory for Albert Bandura, 1986 indicated the e-learning process in four concepts formulate the theory of learning by showing, which totally agree with the e-learning activities. These concepts are attention, retention, reproduction and motivation .

Theoretical view

In the book of the theory and practice of online learning, Patrick Fahy (2004, 137-141) indicated that the e-learning process: for example; observation, perception, recall, comparison and other acquiring skills which are agree with

observational learning theory items .

Theoretical view

Atkinson & Schffrin (1968) established the linear model of the human memory, which consists of short term and long term memory indicated the LP as an information perception mechanism associated with web environment, this implies that the brain receives new information through the short term memory as a working memory, then transferred and processed of it in long term memory to store it and retrieve, then backs to the short memory

when needing .

learner' senses which interact with e-environment variables during e-learning moment.

Mechanism of the human memory through e-information

processing.

Information processing:

Information receptors-

Visual perception

Information receptors-

Visual perception

ProcessStoreRecall

CodingRehearsalEncoding

Short-term Memory

Long-term Memory

E-learning content

SecondlyPractical view of the e-learning process:

The practical view of e-learning process discusses what are the learners' activities, especially at the same learning moment. Therefore, LP collects between manual and mental activities that

learners practice during study and research.

ComparisonT-LPE-LP

Studying and learning materials

Studying Based – on actual material, e.g. books, labs equipments and tools, as

limited information resources.

Studying Based –on virtual material, e.g. E-texts, simulations and

communication, as unlimited knowledge

resources.

Learning activities, thinking and performance

Concentration on reading, understanding and

evaluation, with hand reports writing. Depending

on logical thinking and manual treatment.

Using observation, perception and data

collecting \ recording, with keys board manipulating. According to imaginary

and creative thinking with manual proficiency.

Learner\teacher

interactions

Directly, through face –to- face teaching, and

expanding of dependent emotions.

Hypothetical , during of the communication, with exchange

of the instructions and feedback,

Dominating of the independent feeling.

ThirdlyAn organic view of the e- learning process:

Although that rare and few educational studies have interested in relationships between the learning process and brain operations, some researches indicate that there are three human brain parts responsible for information processing based on visual system

are; cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brain stem ,

Definitely there are four lobes in the cerebrum help the visual learning activities are; a-the Frontal Lobe that is responsible to visual problem solving, b-the Occipital Lobe that is responsible for vision and reading, c- the Parietal Lobe that is responsible for some visual functions and d- the Temporal Lobe that is

helps visual memories with Some vision pathways .

1 -Frontal Lobe 2- Occipital Lobe

3- Parietal Lobe 4- Temporal Lobe

W

Conclusion of the e-learning process views

Final perspective:

Learning process (LP)Learning process (LP)

Organic Brain parts functions

Organic Brain parts functions

Practical Manual & Mental

processes

Practical Manual & Mental

processes

Theoretical Liner model of the

human memory

Theoretical Liner model of the

human memory

Design of the e- learning environment

1 -The persons' performances (e.g. roles of teachers,

learners, peers, and monitors).

2-The learning' curricula and materials (e.g. manipulating

sites, resources, files, graphics and labs).

3-The learning' communications (e.g. interactions with persons, messages, discussions, processes and

feedback).

Firstly

the E-learning formal characteristics.

WE-learning formal

Characteristics

E-learning formal Characteristics

E-environment pages E-environment pages Screen formScreen form Learning textsLearning texts

Visual receiving Mental perception

Memory processing

Secondlythe constructional characteristics of e environment:

W

E-learning constructional characteristics

E-learning process; e.g.(Perusing, understanding, analysis and higher order

thinking skills)

E-learning recourses; e.g. (E-journal, periodicals,

references and libraries)

E-learning communications; e.g. (Continuity, interaction, reinforcing and evaluation)

Teacher roles roes Learner roles

E-learning content (Concepts & Topics) e.g.

learning texts, virtual labs and simulations

E-learning materials

E-learning activities

Best look

GentlemenFinally, I’m pleased to your attention

Gamal S. Allam

PhD of curricula and methods of teaching,

Cairo University, Egypt

Member of China AEEA program ,

Tsinghua University, [email protected]

00121954302