Myra Dingman

Revised by Mark Hardgrove, Ph.D.

Beulah Heights University

2011 to reflect APA 6th ed.

10. Crediting Sources in the Text (APA, p. 169-192)a. Cite last name and date the first time a reference is

used in a new paragraph.

b. Do not cite the date after the first time in the same paragraph unless is it a parenthetical reference.

c. Do not use the title of the article in the citation.

9. Rules for Quotation of Sources (APA, pp. 87-95)

a. Use of commas

b. Use of quotation marks

c. Closing punctuation positioning

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A mentor is seen as a “facilitator of learning” (Lacey, 1999, p. 3).

Kiel, Rimmer, Williams, and Doyle (1996) implied that trust between two parties will encourage people to work together, and Peterson (1996) stated, “Coaches must learn how people view the world and what they care about” (p. 79). When trust develops, it allows the executive to “be open to change and willing to be influenced” (Kiel et al., p. 67).

8. Any quotes over 40 words are treated differently than regular quotes: double-spaced, indented .5 inches, and ending punctuation is different (APA, p. 92).

To illustrate, the definition of executive coaching by Kilburg (2000) included a self-related outcome along with job-related performance and organizational outcomes:

Executive coaching is defined as a helping relationship formed between a client who has managerial authority and responsibility in an organization and a consultant who uses a wide variety of behavioral techniques and methods to help the client achieve a mutually identified set of goals. (p. 67)

7. Extra! Bible Quotations (APA, pp. 187-179)a. You must list the Bible version you quote the

first time you quote in the text.b. You only need to list the version again if you

change versions that you quote.c. Do not include the Bible in your reference page,

it is considered a “major classical work.”d. Use the first 3-4 letters of the book in ( ).

“Joseph stored up huge quantities of grain . . . it was so much that he stopped keeping records because it was beyond measure” (Gen. 41:49, New International Version).

Paul explained

This is why I write [italics added] these things when I am absent, that when I come I may not have to be harsh in my use of authority—the authority the Lord gave me for building you up, not for tearing you down. (2 Cor. 13:10)

The doctor, Luke, wrote, “Therefore, since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you [italics and color added]” (Luke 1:3-4).

6. Seriation Rules (APA, pp. 115-117)

a. Only use bullets when the list does not communicate hierarchical order or chronology.

b. Check your opening statement to see if it is a complete sentence.

c. Use a colon if a complete clause

d. No comma between lists of 2 items

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These authors summarized the commonalities of processes by compiling a five-stage process: (a) relationship building, (b) assessment, (c) intervention, (d) follow-up, and (e) evaluation.

The two prominent areas of learning outcomes from executive coaching were (a) self-related and (b) job-related.

5. Seriation Rules cont. (APA, pp. 63-65). When your items are complete sentences or paragraphs, you may list them using the “numbering tool” from the toolbar (indent .5 inches).

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Olivero, Bane, and Kopelman (1997) noted that goal-setting was one of the two critical components in the coaching process. They stated two reasons for the importance of setting a goal:

1. Goal-setting that is specific, challenging, measurable, assignable, realistic, and time-bound leads to higher transfer levels.

2. Goal-setting enhances perceived self-efficacy.

5. Seriation Rules cont. (APA, pp. 63-65).

Be consistent in enumerating a list:

First …. Second …. Third …. Last . . ..

Firstly…. Secondly …. Thirdly…. Finally (or Lastly)

If there is “on one hand” there should be “on the other hand,” and vice versa.

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Dr. Dingman - "APA Presentation" 11

4. Headings

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Analysis of the Data (LEVEL 1)

Demographic Characteristics of the Data (LEVEL 2)

Sample size. (LEVEL 3) The sampling frame was 200

coaching clients. The sample included three variations of . . .

Methodology. (LEVEL 4) The methodology of this research was based upon the two-tailed t value . . . .

3. Consistency – quotation marks are curved, use 2 commas in a list of 3 or more items, use semi-colons when your list has commas in it, etc.

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Thus, many organizations have established leadership development programs that include experiences combined with assessment, challenge, and support.

Growth goals can fall into many different areas including fostering self-awareness; enhancing personal leadership, management, and interpersonal skills; and improving business agility and technical or functional credibility.

2. Italics verses Quotation Marks (APA, pp. 105-106).a. In general use italics infrequently.

b. You may use italics for key terms in your paper.

c. Only use quotation marks for actual quotes and for slang terminology or coined expressions.

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Executive coaching is an alternative leadership development program that systematically addresses a leader’s strengths, weaknesses, and soft skills necessary to become successful in their organization.

Coaching professionals enjoy working one-on-one with their coachees and helping them get “unstuck” in their life and job.

1. Referencing (APA, chapter 7, p. 193 ff).

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Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 63(1), 1-19.

Gegner, C. (1997). Summary of executive coaching research project. Retrieved from http://www.coachingnetwork.org

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