DEVELOPING RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES

Presented by:Sophy ThomasS2 MBA SJCET SM, Palai

CONTENTS

1. Types of Recycling :Re- useDirect useIndirect use

2. Techniques of Recycling:War- time recyclingPost- war recyclingGovernment mandated demandCurb side CollectionSortingTrade in recyclates

3. Criticism for Recycling

Types of Recycling

1. Reuse

2. Direct recycling

3. Indirect recycling

1) Re- use : It is typified by the returnable bottle or tin; it meansseveral steps from the bottler to the consumer and back again,where it is cleaned and refilled.

2) Direct recycling: This process is depending on the quality ofrecycled material and on its cost, which should not exceed that of thefresh raw material.

It is quiet probable that the bottle may eventually end up in domesticrefuse, where it can be extracted by screening and separation inconjunction with other bottles.

These bottles will probably be of different colors, and varying degrees of

cleanliness, which might render them unsuitable for cullet, unless optical

sorting is opted which would, however, raise costs. This is an example of

indirect recycling (3)

Techniques of Recycling

1. Wartime Recycling : Resources shortages caused by the world wars,

and other such world- changing occurrences greatly encouraged

recycling.

Massive government promotion campaigns were carried out in World

War II, in every country involved in the war, urging citizens to donate

metals and conserve fiber, as a matter of significant patriotic

importance.

2. Post- war recycling : The next big investment in recycling occurredin 1970’s, due to rising energy costs.

3 legislative options have been used to create supply:- Mandatory recycling collection- Container deposit collection- Refuse bans

3. Government- mandated demand : Legislation has also been used to increase and maintain a demand for recycled materials.

Four methods of such legislation exist:

- Minimum recycled content mandates

- Utilization rates

- Procurement policies

- Recycled product labelling

4. Curb side Collection : A waste collection vehicle generally picks upthe waste, mixed in with the rest of the waste, and the desired materialis then sorted out and cleaned at a central sorting facility.

The main categories are :- mixed waste collection- commingled recyclables and- source separation.

5. Sorting: Once commingled recyclates are collected anddelivered to a central collection facility, the different types ofmaterials must be sorted.

This is done in a series of stages, many of which involve automatedprocesses such that a truck- load of material can be fully sorted inless than an hour.

6. Trade in recyclates : Certain countries trade in unprocessedrecyclates. In some U.S states, a program called Recycle Bankpays people with coupons to recycle, receiving money fromlocal municipalities for the reduction in landfill space whichmust be purchased

Criticism for Recycling Techniques

1. Saves Energy: It is difficult to determine the exact amount ofenergy consumed or produced in waste disposal processes.

How much energy is used in recycling depends largely on the typeof material being recycled and the process used to do so.

2. Saves Money: The amount of money actually saved throughrecycling depends on the efficiency of the recycling program usedto do it.

3. Working conditions: Critics often argue that while recycling maycreate jobs, they are often jobs with low wages and terrible workingconditions.

In areas without many environmental regulations and / or workerprotections, jobs involved in recycling such as ship breaking canresult in deplorable conditions for both workers and the surroundingcommunities.

4. Possible income loss and social costs: Because of the socialsupport of a country is likely less than the loss of income to the poordoing recycling, there is a greater chance that the poor will come inconflict with the large recycling organizations.

Thank You