Lets Restore the Environment - iswa.org · ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies Sustainable Recycling Technologies •Treatment of Hazardous material in an environmentally

Lets Restore the Environment

Venkatesha Murthy (Venky)

Director & Head

Cimelia Resource Recovery Pte Ltd

Singapore 639443

Email:[email protected]

ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies

Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies

ISWA-WMRAS Technical Workshop 2010Workshop Programme

‘Recycling & Resource Recovery Technologies’

28th June 2010


Sustainable Recycling Technologies

• Treatment of Hazardous material in an environmentally sound manner

• Recover all the valuable material

• Create eco-efficient and sustainable business


Contents

• Introduction – Challenges & Opportunities

• Weakness in the regulations– Illegal Imports / hazardous process/ Sustainability?

• Available Best Technologies– Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies


3R – Recycle, Reduce & Re-Use

• EEE products improve the way we live, work & play

• EEE products have no impact into the environment if

– Use responsibly by reducing

– Reuse

– Recycle

Note:The worldwide market for E-Waste is growing by almost 9% per year, from $7.2 billion in 2004 to a projected $11 billion in 2009


Outstanding Issues in Asia

• Exponential Increase of E-Waste– Asia is largest emerging market with fast growing economy in theworld.

– Due to increase in per capita incomes and relatively young population structure, consumption of EEE products are increasing exponentially

• Definitions of Hazardous Waste (grey area in classification of waste)

• Lack of regulations for its safe disposal

• Absence of management infrastructure to monitor the process of collection, transportation, treatment and disposal

• Unregulated movement across national boundaries

• Yes/No EPR


Status of E-Waste Regulation in Asia

• Recycling of E-Waste in Asia is still not well organized and established except countries like Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore

• Regulations may exists but enforcement is the key for SUCCESS

• Most of the E-Waste problem in Asia compounded by illegal dumping from developed countries

• Illegal E-Waste Imports helps for new business opportunity and create demand for second-hand EEE product usage (REUSE) but impact!!!

• Unfortunately most of the participants in this sector

• Do not aware of the real danger / risk • Do not know the better practice of recycling• Do not have technology / information• Financial Investment constraint


Hurdles in E-Waste Management

• Improper Government Regulations – confusions

• Different Requirements from Country to Country, State to State – unnecessary cost

• Lack of effective incentive to consumers to reuse or recycle

• Too many groups are involved –talking about E-Waste problems

• No Benchmark certification of E-Waste management companies – to ensure their processes are in line with international standard


• Lack of convenient options for responsible disposal.

• Often falsely labelled as “Reuse” to circumvent restrictions on waste exports

• Lack of willingness by manufacturers across the board to take responsibility.

• Valuable resources lost by Landfill and or conventional recycling


• Insufficient Capital Investment in setting up of proper E-Waste Recycling Facilities /process

• Commodity price – up/downs (difficult to make profit)

• Too high expectations from the Generators

• Competition between professional / traders and informal sectors

Hurdles in E-Waste Management


What is to be done…

• Standard international system to report, quantify and control movement and disposal of E-Waste

• Do not encourage Landfill or illegal dumping –– Strict enforcement / increasing fees and penalty

• Common Framework in line with existing international directives

• Cooperate, Communicate and enforce across political boundaries and geographical regions

• Export fees on SHIPMENT from OECD to Non-OECD; the fees can be used as capital to create a proper facility in Developingcountry


Challenges?????Conventional way of recycling


Is this sustainable?


The extraction of copper from printed wiring boards (PWB)

Source: Empa survey. Draft final report 2004 on the assessment phase (phase 1) of the Empa/seco programme in

“knowledge partnerships with developing and transition countries in e waste recycling”. Empa, Federal Institute of Material

Testing and Research; 2004. http://www.ewaste.ch.

*See accompany notes below.

Is this sustainable?


Is this Sustainable??


Special metals used in ICT devices

• EEE Demand of Precious Metals increased

• Primary metals Production needs more energy and results huge resource

• Metal worth from electronics (in 2007) > 45 Billion US$; and CO2 emissions from primary metal production > 23 million tons (and 80% metal recycling will save CO2 emission > 14 million tons)


Sales of global electronic devices

50

100

200

1000

Global sales in 2006 (in millions)

Growth rate (in %)-10 10 20 30 40

LCD-TV

Cell-phones

Dig. camera

MP3

Lap PC

CRT-TV

CRT-mon.

LCD-mon.

Desk PC

Sources: C. Hageluken, “Mining our computers, metals recovery from e-scrape”, EGG 2008, Berlin


Materials of mobile phone


The sales and recycle potential of cell phonesGlobal sales in million

400

800

1200

19982000

20022004

20062008

Global sales of

mobile phone

Note: ave. lifetime ~ 4 years

in billionSales and

status

0.1recycled

(est.)

1.4discarded/

lost

1.5in drawer

4.2in use (est.)

7.2total sales

(~2008)

Recycle potential:

750 t Ag, 70 t Au, 30 t PdSources: C. Hageluken, “Mining our computers, metals recovery from e-scrape”,

EGG 2008, Berlin


Key metals in Cell phone and computers

15%6,5006545003.860,000Co

1%128K500g11,0009g16MCu

13%2080119230Pd

3%5622029242,500Au

3%2551,00030025020,000Ag

Total (tons)Per set (mg)

Total (tons)

Per set

(mg)

Share/world production

PC & laptopsCell phoneGlobal production (tons/y)

metal

Note: (data based on 2007)

Cell phones: 1200 million; PC& laptops: 255 million


Metals Demand in EEE products

49.564,672,753TOTAL

Solder, batteries, LCD3.24---36166,380463,480Sn, Sb, Co, In

Cable, wire,

connector…

29.256500304,500,00015,000,000Cu

Hard disk, plasma

displays

0.2178,037842732Ru

Hard disk, Fuel Cell

thermocouple,

0.66451,054613210Pt

Multilayer

capacitors,

connectors

0.5215,6801433230Pd

Bonding wire, IC’s,Contacts

12.0540,187123002,500Au

Contacts, switches3.66610306,00020,000Ag

USD in Billions

USD/Kg%Tons/yTons/yearSymbol

Main ApplicationValue in USDPriceEEE demand

/production

EEE demand

Primary Production

Metal

BASED ON 2007 DEMAND


Environmental impact of metals-CO2

3.4Cu

7.6Co

16.1Sn

142In

144Ag

9,380Pd

13,954Ru

13,953Pt

16,991Au

t CO2 /t Pri. metal production

Metal

CO2 emissions from Primary Production

10

200

10,000

20 40 60 80 100

% used in electronic devices vs. global production volume(Ecoinvent 2.0, EMPA/ETH-Zurich, 2007)

Au

Pt Ru

Pd

AgIn

Sn

Co

Cu


Population by Country

TOTAL POPULATION OF 18 COUNTRIES:3633.93 M or 3.634 billion


Total Population of 18 Countries

According to https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-

factbook/print/xx.html; World Population = 6,706,993,152 FY 2008


● The stakeholders are aware that the existing small recyclers andinformal sectors are not able to treat E-waste professionally

● Small recyclers:

- no financial support,

- still in testing stages,

- lack of technology

- supply of E-waste etc.,

● Informal recyclers:

- hazardous recovery process,

- no health and safety measures,

- adds on illegal disposal to waste stream etc.

Existing Constraints Vs. Opportunity


Illegal Dumping/Recycling causes serious threat to human &

environment

E-Waste – TransboundaryIssue


Challenges & Opportunities

ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies2828

New environmental challenge New environmental challenge

EE--waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams

in APAC as in other part of the world in APAC as in other part of the world

E-Waste is both valuable as source for secondary raw material, and toxic if treated and discarded

IMPROPERLY……..

Growing E-Waste…..


Benefits of Recycling

• Recycling trend is offering immense potential to

• Enhance Resource Management

• Reduce Waste Disposal Pressures

• Prolong the Life Span of Land-fills

• Reduce the need of costly incineration

• Reduce the use of Natural Resources

SAVE PLANET FOR TOMORROW


Opportunities!!!

Sustainable E-Waste

Recycling Technologies


China

• Population: 1,325.6 million (FY 2008)1

• E-waste generated per year: 2,425,000 tonnes (FY 2005)2

• E-waste management regulations: Yes

• Management Regulation on the Pollution Control of Electronic and Information Products (2006)

1) World Bank Data and Statistics

2) Liu et al., Electrical and electronic waste management in China: progress and the barriers to overcome (2006)


China


India

• Population: 1,140 million (FY 2008)1

• E-waste generation per year: Preliminary estimates suggest that total WEEE generation in India is approximately 332,979 MT per year.2

• E-waste management regulations: CP

• Guidelines for environmental sound management of e-waste (As approved vide MoEF letter No.23-23/2007-HSMD dt. March 12,2008)

1) World Bank Data and Statistics2) GTZ-MAIT sponsored study conducted by IMRB –Y2007


India


• Legal framework,• Collection System• Logistics• Understanding the chemistry of E-Waste• Environmental Sound Technology• Total Close Loop Package• WEEE Solutions• Intellectual Property Protection• Finally “Making Economic Sense”

TO BE A Professional recycler……

And


Environmental Sound Technologies/ Best

Options

Cimelia’s E-Waste Management


Technical Solutions

• Integrated Analytical lab

• Mechanical Dry Process Plant

• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Recycling

• Platinum Group Metals Refinery Plant

• Copper Melting & Copper Refining (LME grade Copper)

• Conversion of Plastic to FUEL

• Pollution Control Equipments

• Environmental, Health & Safety Monitoring Equipments

• R & D Facilities


Integrated Analytical lab

• Clean Room Concept – for precision results

• Specialized facilities like

– Physical Lab

– Wet Chemistry Department

– Instrumental Analysis Lab

– Cyanide Analysis Lab

• Complete Metallurgical Analysis


Mechanical Dry Process Plant

• Dry Techniques - Separate Plastics & Metals

• Fully Automatic with PLC control

• Capacity – 8 MT per hour

• Total Capacity – 25,000 MT /year


MDP – On-line sampling

• On-line Sampling

• In-built dust filtration – bag house & cyclones


Mobile Shredders

• On-Site Intellectual Property Destruction Service

• In-built dust filtration, Safety & Close Loop


CRT Recycling Plant

• First in Singapore to install the CRT plant

• Separation of Panel, Cone Glass - 100% recycled

• ZERO Waste (nothing going to landfill)


PGM Plant

• Selective Extraction

• Au, Ag, Pt, Pd

• Close Loop Process –best design

• 4 levels of Pollution controls

- Alkaline Scrubber

- Ventilation

- Gas Detectors

- FRP Flooring

Extraction Process - Recovery


PGM Plant

Customized for Filters & Wipes – Plating Industry

Fully Automatic

Best Pollution Controls

Toxic Catalyst, Resins, Filters Processing Plant


PGM Plant

• Selective Refining

• Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Cu etc.,

• Close Loop Process

• Customized Design

• Higher Efficiency

Extraction Process - Enriching


PGM Plant

• Special Refining Equipment

– Less Energy consumption

– Distillation Technique to save about 50% of refinery chemicals

Gold can be refined to 99.999 purity

Precious Metals Refining


PGM Plant

• Smelting of Precious Metals into various forms

– Bars

– Beads

– Wires

– Rods

Precious Metals Melting


• Specially designed to treat the acidic pollutants

• NOx, SOx, Cl2, HCl fumes are totally neutralized

• With all the Safety and backup systems

3-Stage Acid Scrubber

Environmental Protection Systems


• Specially designed to treat the alkaline Fumes

• Wet Scrubber


Cyanide Scrubber



• Specially designed to treat the dangerous Cyanide

• Cyanides are widely used in Plating Industry

• It is not dilution – total destruction of CN


Thermal Oxidation System



• Specially designed to treat the TDS (total dissolved solids)


Evaporator System



• This is the 4th stage of

Pollution Control System

• The effluents generated

from process & other

systems

• With all the Safety and

backup systems

Waste Water Treatment Plant



Gas Detector System

353Nitrogen

dioxide

4.7105Hydrogen

cyanide

EPA, EPB

process

353Nitrogen

dioxide

DP1, DP2

process

0.531Chlorine

MF, FA

process

Alarm 1

(ppm)

MOM

Limits

(ppm)

Alarm 2

(ppm)Gas TypeLocation

• Detection of toxic gases release


• Copper Scrap from the secondary sources

– E-Waste

– Lead frame rejects

– Scrap with Precious metals

• FIRST Plant in Singapore

• NO mining copper


Enviro-Metals – Copper Melting


10,000 MT

ANNUALLY

Copper Melting and Refinery


Copper Refinery Line

• Copper Plant Capacity

– Anodes : 12,000 MT per Annum

– Cathodes : 10,000 MT

• Quality : LME Grade A

• Copper Purity: min 99.99%

• By Products:

– Copper Sulphate(CuSO4.5H2O)

– Nickel Sulphate


Conversion of Waste Plastics into FUEL

Consumer PlasticElectronic waste Plastic

Catalyst cracking

C 11 - C26 GradeC 4 - C10 Grade

Catalyst cracking


Key Comparative Strengths

• Dry Separation of Metals & Plastics – No Incineration

• Close Loop Process – Pollutants are handled professionally

• Selective PGM Extraction – No Conventional Mining Method

• Refining of Gold, Silver, Platinum, Palladium & other rare metals


• Refining of LME Grade Copper, Copper Sulphate, Nickel Sulphate

• Commendable QEHS performance for the past 5 years of operation

• ISO-9001, EMS 14001 & OHSAS 18001

• On-site Intellectual Property Destruction Services

• Global Network

Key Comparative Strengths


What Asia Needs?


APWEEE Objective

The objective of the new directive

Divert E-Waste from landfills and incinerators towards environmentally sound reuse, recycling and other forms

of recovery.


APWEEE-Waste Standard

• Preserving Material and Energy Resources

• Introducing Producer Responsibility

• Setting Common Minimum Standards for Recycling & Treatment


Management Standards for Asia Pacific

• Preventing the Illegal Imports from Developed & Other countries

• Preventing Conventional & Hazardous Methods of Recycling & Recovery

• Cooperation on Recycling Technologies Development


Summary

• Let’s put our thoughts into Action

• Let’s work together to achieve the common objective

• One Planet, One People –work without boundary to save our Earth

• Let’s have our own DIRECTIVE to save our one LIFE


Lets put our hands together to save our planet&

RESTORE THE ENVIRONMENT

Thank youThank you

Documents

Lets Restore the Environment - iswa.org · ISWA Workshop-Sustainable E-Waste Recycling Technologies Sustainable Recycling Technologies •Treatment of Hazardous material in an environmentally