1. Visualization Tools: Allow learners to picture, or represent, how various phenomena operate within different domains.

2. Hypertext: refers to a nonsequential, or nonlinear, method for organizing and displaying text

3. Hypermedia: is basically hypertext with media elements

4. Concept Maps: are graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge

5. Wiki: is a piece of server software that allows users to create, edit and link web pages.