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Damnjanović Ivana
The Sensory System
Introduction Our “senses” continually provide us with
information about our surroundings. Sense organs are complex organs like
the eye or specialized receptors in areas such as the nasal mucosa or tongue.
Introduction Conversion of a stimulus to a sensation:
Stimuli (light, sound, temperature, etc. are changed into an electrical signal or nerve impulse.
Cutaneous Sensations Receptors of the general sense organs
are found in almost every part of the body.Encapsulated nerve endings – located in the
dermis; touch and pressure.Free nerve endings – mainly in the dermis of
the skin, mucosa, internal organs. They sense pain or crude touch.
Encapsulated nerve endings
Sense of Touch
The nerve endings in your skin can tell you if something is hot, cold, smooth or rough . They can also feel if something is hurting you. Your body has different types of nerve endings that all send messages to your brain.
Sense of Taste Taste buds – chemical receptors that
generate nervous impulses resulting in the sense of taste. There are about 10,000 microscopic taste buds located on the papillae of the tongue.
Gustatory cells
Sense of Taste Taste Sensations
Sweet, sour, bitter, saltyOther flavors results from a combination of
taste bud stimulations and olfactory receptor stimulation.
Magnified
tastebud
Papillae
Microscopic view oftaste buds (x100)
brain
food
sensory cell
Sense of Smell Olfactory receptors – chemical receptors
responsible for the sense of smell are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity.
The Ear Sense organ associated with hearing
and equilibrium and balance. 3 main parts
ExternalMiddleInner
Ear Brain
External Middle Inner
The Ear External ear Pinna External Auditory canal – a curving tube about one
inch long; extends into the temporal bone and end at the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
Middle ear Tympanic membrane 3 tiny bones called ossicles (bones) transmit
sound waves.
External Auditory canal
tympanic membrane
3 tiny bones
The EarInner Ear – contains mechanoreceptors that are activated by vibration and generate nerve impulses that result in hearing and equilibrium. -Cochlea is the auditory portion of the inner ear
Vestibule – membranous sacs (utricle and saccule) adjacent to the oval window and between the semicircular canals. Contains receptors for equilibrium.
semicircular canals
cochlea
The Eye Contains receptors for vision and a
refracting system that focuses light rays on the receptors in the retina.
Eyelids – contain skeletal muscle that allow us to close them and totally cover the exterior eyeball.
Eyelashes – help to keep dust out of our eyes. Tears
The Eye Cranial Nerves
Optic – visionOculomotor – eye movment
The eye contains 3 layers
The Eye Structure of the eyeball
Sclera – tough fibrous tissue.○ Front surface is the “white” of our eyes and
the cornea. The cornea is transparent ○ Sclera is covered by the conjunctiva in the
front of the eyeball.
The Eye Structure of the eyeball
Choroid - contains a dark pigment to prevent scattering of light that enters the eyeball. Also contains blood vessels and 2 involuntary muscles.○ Iris
○ Ciliary body (muscle)
The Eye Structure of the eyeball
Lens – composed of transparent, elastic protein; no blood supply
Retina – contains microscopic receptor cells called rods and cones○ Rods ○ Cones ○ Fovea