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CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Lecture 1:
An Introduction of Project
Formulation
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
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Course Learning Outcome
Upon completion of this subject, students should be able to:
1. Initiate a project by choosing a project (existing situation identification - research problem);
2. Choose the supervisor ( Right support and direction);3. Identify relevant literature (Literature Search);
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 22
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3. Identify relevant literature (Literature Search);4. Understand relevant literature (Literature Review); 5. Select appropriate methodology (roadmap);6. Plan for the project accomplishment in consideration
of time frame, budget and risk; and 7. Write a project proposal (towards desired situation)
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Course Strategy of Learning
Your academic project will go through seven different stages:
� Choosing a project
� Project planning
� Literature searching and literature reviews
Writing a proposal
PROJECT
FORMULATION
THE BEGINNING
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 33
� Writing a proposal
� Doing the project
� Presenting the project in written form
� Presenting the project orally, poster or software demonstration
PROJECT
THE END
PROJECT FORMULATION--- IS THE BEGINNING
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Today’s Lecture Outline
1.1. Overview of Academic ProjectOverview of Academic Project
2.2. Requirement & ScopeRequirement & Scope
3.3. Aim &Aim & ExpectationExpectation
4.4. Coordination & SupervisionCoordination & Supervision
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CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012
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CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
11..1 1 DefinitionDefinition
11..2 2 Characteristics of Undergradaute Academic ProjectsCharacteristics of Undergradaute Academic Projects
11..3 3 Ownership of Academic ProjectsOwnership of Academic Projects
11..4 4 ResourcesResources
11..5 5 Duration Duration
An academic project at undergraduate level is a critical
component of your degree course. It is an
investigative learning activity – a discovery process
that must have a beginning and an end.
� It provides evidence of knowledge acquired; how
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 55
� It provides evidence of knowledge acquired; how
much you have gained through out your degree
course
� It demonstrates your technical ability and research
and social skill.
� Where substantial independence is expected
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
� Todd et al. (2004) identify the following characteristics:
� Typically undertaken in undergraduate’s final year
� Major piece of work
� Learner determines focus and direction
� Work is carried out on individual basis (but small group
projects increasingly common)
11..1 1 DefinitionDefinition
11..2 2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic ProjectsCharacteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects
11..3 3 Ownership of Academic ProjectsOwnership of Academic Projects
11..4 4 ResourcesResources
11..5 5 Duration Duration
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 66
projects increasingly common)
� Work is supervised
� Work involves stages, usually including a substantial
research component
� Prolonged engagement with a topic
� Has both learning and assessment functionsTodd, M., Bannister, P. and Clegg, S. (2004) Independent inquiry and the undergraduate dissertation: perceptions and
experiences of final year social science students, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 29, pp. 335-355
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
1.1 Definition1.1 Definition
1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects
1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects
1.4 Resources1.4 Resources
1.5 Duration 1.5 Duration
� Therefore, from a student’s perspective, it can be a very
daunting prospect!
� Students often feel they are ‘working in the dark’
� Silén (2003) talks about ‘chaos’ and ‘cosmos’ - a period of
intellectual confusion (chaos) that precedes a qualitative
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 77
intellectual confusion (chaos) that precedes a qualitative
jump in understanding (cosmos)
� Intellectual struggle can be emotionally unsettling, but is an
inherent part of the experience of autonomy
� Adequate support is therefore critical
Silén, C. (2003) Responsibility and independence - what is the role of the educators
and the framework of the educational programme?, paper presented at 11th Improving
Student Learning Conference.
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
1.1 Definition1.1 Definition
1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects
1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects
1.4 Resources1.4 Resources
1.5 Duration 1.5 Duration
�� To the student, the completed To the student, the completed project is:project is:
�� Usually the biggest piece of work a student has tackledUsually the biggest piece of work a student has tackled
�� Possibly the first major piece of written workPossibly the first major piece of written work
�� Almost certainly the first experience of the research process from Almost certainly the first experience of the research process from
start to finishstart to finish
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 88
�� The completed project will be The completed project will be fully ownedfully owned by the faculty. by the faculty.
�� If a project is funded by a third party, a Memorandum of If a project is funded by a third party, a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) between the faculty and the third Understanding (MoU) between the faculty and the third
party involved has to be agreed upon. Confidential party involved has to be agreed upon. Confidential
information must be clarified prior to signing the MoU.information must be clarified prior to signing the MoU.
But who is the owner of the project :
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
11..1 1 DefinitionDefinition
11..2 2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic ProjectsCharacteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects
11..3 3 Ownership of Academic ProjectsOwnership of Academic Projects
11..4 4 ResourcesResources
11..5 5 Duration Duration
� People
Work is carried out on individual basis (unles the project has
been divided by the supervisor to be distributed accordingly
to a team collaboration initiatives.
The student is responsible for his/her project with the
guidance of his.her supervisor.
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 99
guidance of his.her supervisor.
Efforts and services for prototyping and development must
be by the student.
Writing the final project report must be done by the student.
Only proof reading and formatting can be done by a third
party. All cost of proof reading and formatting will be the
responbility of the student.
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
1.1 Definition1.1 Definition
1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects
1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects
1.4 Resources1.4 Resources
1.5 Duration 1.5 Duration
� Budget
� Data Collection Cost
� All project cost shall be bear by the student inclusive of:
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1010
� Every project students will be bear all cost incurred for
data collection
� Other Project Expenditures
� The student will bear all other cost pertinent to the
project
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
1.1 Definition1.1 Definition
1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects
1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects
1.4 Resources1.4 Resources
1.5 Duration 1.5 Duration
� Facilities and Equipments
� Use of facilities
� Every project students will be allowed to make full use of all facilities available within the faculty or branch
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1111
branch
� Rental
� Students are advised to use available facilities but in case if rental is required by the project, the student will bear all rental cost
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
� Project duration� 2 semesters + your sandwiched in between holidays
This academic project required more effort than other subjects of equivalent credit value
Challenges could include :
1.1 Definition1.1 Definition
1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects1.2 Characteristics of Undergraduate Academic Projects
1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects1.3 Ownership of Academic Projects
1.4 Resources1.4 Resources
1.5 Duration 1.5 Duration
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1212
Challenges could include :
� Information needed for the project might not be readily available; students should be prepared to undertake investigative work
� Project students may need to use telephone, e-mail, fax, industrial or commercial contacts outside the university to gather information, and all these may take time. As such, students are required to keep track of datelines and schedules set for the project.
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Research Topic1.1 Research Topic
1.2 Problem Statement1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Research Elements1.3 Research Elements
1.4 What is included and excluded?1.4 What is included and excluded?
1.5 Constraints and Limitations1.5 Constraints and Limitations
� All projects should involve elements of or application of Information Systems Engineering concepts or theories
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
� It is really important to do the right project as well as to do the project right. You need to do ‘wow’ project, project that is compelling, not just interesting.
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1313
� Identifying the right area, and the right topic.
� The right topic will be interesting to you, complex, and compelling.
� The project you do as an undergraduate student will set the stage for your career development as a system architect and as an information system engineer.
� Choosing the right topic as an undergraduate student will help you insure that your project will be beneficial for your future career.
The most successful research topics are narrowly focused and
carefully defined, but are important part of broad-ranging, complex
problem.
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Basic Requirements1.1 Basic Requirements
1.2 Problem Statement1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Research Elements1.3 Research Elements
1.4 What is included and excluded?1.4 What is included and excluded?
1.5 Constraints and Limitations1.5 Constraints and Limitations
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
A problem statement is the description of an issue currently
existing which needs to be addressed. It provides the context for
the academic project/ study and generates the objectives which
the project aims to achieve. The statement of the problem is the
focal point of any academic project/ research. A good problem
statement is just one sentence (with several paragraphs of
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1414
statement is just one sentence (with several paragraphs of
elaboration).
The elaboration could include the related opinions from others;
explanations of how the problem relates to business, social or
political trends via presentation of data that demonstrates the
scope and depth of the problem.
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Basic Requirements1.1 Basic Requirements
1.2 Problem Statement1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Research Elements1.3 Research Elements
1.4 What is included and excluded?1.4 What is included and excluded?
1.5 Constraints and Limitations1.5 Constraints and Limitations
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
Problem statements often have three elements:
1. The problem itself, stated clearly and with enough contextual detail to
establish why it is important
2. The method of solving the problem, often stated as a claim or a working
thesis
3. The purpose, statement of objective and scope of the project being
proposed.
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1515
These elements should be brief so that the reader does not get lost.
Criteria of problem statement :
• The statement of the problem should clearly indicate what is to be
investigated.
• The actual statement may be in a declarative or in a question form.
• The statement should indicate the variables of interest and the specific
relationship between the variables that are to be studied. .
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
11..1 1 Basic RequirementsBasic Requirements
11..2 2 Problem StatementProblem Statement
11..3 3 Research ElementsResearch Elements
11..4 4 What is included and excluded?What is included and excluded?
11..5 5 Constraints and LimitationsConstraints and Limitations
Definition :
Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any
systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing
problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a
scientific method.
An element is a component or constituent of a whole or one of the parts
into which a whole may be resolved by analysis:
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1616
into which a whole may be resolved by analysis:
Example : Bricks and mortar are elements of every masonry wall.
Research Element:
Component or constituent of a whole or one of the parts into which a
whole may be resolved by systematic investigation, to establish novel
facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new
theories, usually using a scientific method
What will be the research elements of Information System Project
Management?
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
11..1 1 Basic RequirementsBasic Requirements
11..2 2 Problem StatementProblem Statement
11..3 3 Research ElementsResearch Elements
11..4 4 What is included and excluded?What is included and excluded?
11..5 5 Constraints and LimitationsConstraints and Limitations
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
Project Scope :
The sum of processes, tools and techniques to ensure work is completed
as agreed upon by key stakeholders and the product/services/artifact
delivered is known as the project’s scope.
Understanding who project stakeholders are early steps in determing the
project scope.
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1717
• Scope Planning : Consider resources, duration and complexity of your
project and decide on a scope by defining the work breakdown
structure
• Scope Definition: Develop a detailed project scope statement
• Scope Verification : Discuss with supervisor and agree on the defined
scope, present to proposal coordinator
• Scope Control : Establish a mechanism for controlling changes to
project scope
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Basic Requirements1.1 Basic Requirements
1.2 Problem Statement1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Research Elements1.3 Research Elements
1.4 What is included and excluded?1.4 What is included and excluded?
1.5 Constraints and Limitations1.5 Constraints and Limitations
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
Definitions
• Constraint: A restriction imposed by the project sponsor that limits the student’s options in conducting the project.
• Limitation: An inability of the student to fully meet the project objectives or fully investigate the issues.
• Assumption: A statement related to the project that is taken as true in the absence of facts, often to accommodate a limitation.
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1818
absence of facts, often to accommodate a limitation.
Constraints, limitations, and assumptions are vital to a successful project .
They:
•Bound (scope) a study effort by identifying what must (or must not) and can
(or cannot) be accomplished.
•Frame the project space and set the stage for the project methodology
development.
•Serve as a “contract” between the project sponsor and the project team.
•Provide a basis for the sponsor to reconcile the study results with how the
project was done
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Aim of FYP 1.1 Aim of FYP
1.2 Skill Acquisition1.2 Skill Acquisition
1.3 Significance of Work1.3 Significance of Work
1.4 Contribution to Knowledge1.4 Contribution to Knowledge
1.5 Originality of Work Done1.5 Originality of Work Done
� General aim is “to expand the student’s intellectual faculties and
capability for learning and problem solving” (Cook, 1980)
� Specific aims:
� Advance scientific and technical knowledge
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 1919
� Develop ability to formulate problem statement and an
answerable research question (objectives)
� Encourage engagement with literature and search tools
� Develop capacity to organize and carry out research in academic
projects
� Develop writing and presentation skills
� Develop ability to draw conclusions from information collected
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
11..1 1 Aim of FYP Aim of FYP
11..2 2 Skill AcquisitionSkill Acquisition
11..3 3 Significance of WorkSignificance of Work
11..4 4 Contribution to KnowledgeContribution to Knowledge
11..5 5 Originality of Work DoneOriginality of Work Done
Meliorist Model:
ISE PROJECT : The ISE project enables you to embark on a journey that
gives you an opportunity to make your own contribution to both the
business and technical aspects throughout the complete IS lifecycle
with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2020
Existing
situation
Desired
situation
{set of actions}
{a project}
Skill Expected to be acquired by students undertaking the course :
- Technical and Social Skill
- Communication Skill
- Research Skill - Written Communication, Problem Solving, Interpersonal Communication, Initiative, Oral
Presentation, Adaptability, Planning and Organization, Computer Literacy
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
1.1 Aim of FYP 1.1 Aim of FYP
1.2 Skill Acquisition1.2 Skill Acquisition
1.3 Significance of Work1.3 Significance of Work
1.4 Contribution to Knowledge1.4 Contribution to Knowledge
1.5 Originality of Work Done1.5 Originality of Work Done
Significance: Does the project address an important problem or critical
barrier to progress in the Information System Engineering field? If the
aims of the project are achieved, how will scientific knowledge,
technical capability, and/or ISE practice be improved? How will
successful completion of the aims change the concepts, methods,
technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2121
“The research is a significant advance on previous research. First, the
main feature of investigation of management control systems has been
the budgeting system. Harrison and McKinnon (1999) have argued that a
broader range of features should be addressed. The budgeting system
has often been a critical tool for resource allocation and performance
assessment.”
Example:
technologies, treatments, services, or preventative interventions that
drive the ISE field?
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
Research
discoveries
Current boundary of
world knowledge
Undergraduate
project
An as yet
undiscovered
body of
knowledge
1.1 Aim of FYP 1.1 Aim of FYP
1.2 Skill Acquisition1.2 Skill Acquisition
1.3 Significance of Work1.3 Significance of Work
1.4 Contribution to Knowledge1.4 Contribution to Knowledge
1.5 Originality of Work Done1.5 Originality of Work Done
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 222222
discoveries
/invention
project
Contraction of
world knowledge /
loss of certain skills
Postgraduate
project
(contributing to
world
knowledge)
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
Originality Originality –– doing something or producing something that has not doing something or producing something that has not
been done beforebeen done before
�� How to be How to be ““originaloriginal””
�� Doing something someone has done before but Doing something someone has done before but
using a different technique or approach ORusing a different technique or approach OR
1.1 Aim of FYP 1.1 Aim of FYP
1.2 Skill Acquisition1.2 Skill Acquisition
1.3 Significance of Work1.3 Significance of Work
1.4 Contribution to Knowledge1.4 Contribution to Knowledge
1.5 Originality of Work Done1.5 Originality of Work Done
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2323
�� Producing or developing something that has not Producing or developing something that has not
been done beforebeen done before
How “original” is your work can be in undergraduate project?How “original” is your work can be in undergraduate project?
Your own thoughts, ideas and development are IMPORTANT
– these are things that people who read your report will be
interested in
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
11..1 1 CoordinatorsCoordinators
11..2 2 SupervisorsSupervisors
11..3 3 Role of SupervisorsRole of Supervisors
11..4 4 Supervision StylesSupervision Styles
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
� The Project Coordinator shall in full attempt initiates the learning process by providing lectures and individual sessions to disseminate project foundation knowledge and framework;
The project coordinators as a team coordinates the project formulation (CSP600) and the Project (CSP650). As the starting phase:
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2424
knowledge and framework;
� The Project Coordinator shall assess project proposal;
� The Project Coordinator plays a central role in the initial matching of supervisor and student; and
� The Project Coordinator also ensures that a healthy supervisor-student relationship is maintained throughout the student’s program
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Coordinators1.1 Coordinators
1.2 Supervisors1.2 Supervisors
1.3 Role of Supervisors1.3 Role of Supervisors
1.4 Supervision Styles1.4 Supervision Styles
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
� A person should agree to be a student’s main supervisor only if he or she:
� Feels appropriately qualified and up-to-date in the specific field of
the academic project and
� Is able to be formally involved for the 2 semester duration of the
research program
� The main supervisor must be a full-time confirmed academic member or a
full-time academic member approved by the Enterprise Systems Research
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2525
full-time academic member approved by the Enterprise Systems Research
Group of the faculty .
� Projects may be supervised by one or more persons. The Project
Supervisor has overall responsibility for the direction and supervision of
the project. In the case of students undertaking projects off-site (for
example in industry) where this may prove difficult, an academic
supervisor should be appointed who will liaise closely with the local
supervisor and ensure that appropriate supervision is given throughout the
project.
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
11..1 1 CoordinatorsCoordinators
11..2 2 SupervisorsSupervisors
11..3 3 Role of SupervisorsRole of Supervisors
11..4 4 Supervision StylesSupervision Styles
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
� Refer to Educational Guidance and Psychological Momentum
(Cook, 1980), the roles are:
� Educational guidance:
� Decision making - topic selection, research question, methods
Planning - stages and deadlines
The supervisor has both educational and psychological roles:
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2626
� Planning - stages and deadlines
� Scientific training - analysis and deduction
� Technical training - statistical analyses, report writing
� Psychological momentum:
� Maintenance of student motivation
� Development of self confidence
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Coordinators1.1 Coordinators
1.2 Supervisors1.2 Supervisors
1.3 Role of Supervisors1.3 Role of Supervisors
1.4 Supervision Styles1.4 Supervision Styles
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
� Styles varied widely from Formal (fixed timetable, written records
of meetings, formal contract) to Informal (initiate preliminary
meeting, then leave it to the student)
� Most students appreciated some formality (e.g. setting date of
next meeting, specific tasks, deadlines for milestones)
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2727
next meeting, specific tasks, deadlines for milestones)
� Others appreciated ‘space’ and autonomy
� It is good if the student and supervisor could agree in the
beginning on how the student likes to be supervised”
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Introduction
1.1 Coordinators1.1 Coordinators
1.2 Supervisors1.2 Supervisors
1.3 Role of Supervisors1.3 Role of Supervisors
1.4 Supervision Styles1.4 Supervision Styles
1. UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC PROJECT
2. SCOPE & REQUIREMENTS
3. AIM & EXPECTATION
4. COORDINATION & SUPERVISION
Supervision Styles
Active• Welcome student contact
• Provides advice
• Ask for opinions,
explanations, justifications
• Active facilitator
• Initiate contact
• Explicit schedules,
contracts
• Tend to be directive
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2828
DirectIndirect
Passive
• Don’t arrange meetings
• Non-directive
• Wait for students to think
things through & solve
problems
• Generally disinterested
• Unresponsive to student
needs
• Non-directive
CSP 600- PROJECT FORMULATION
Conclusion : A Point to Ponder
CS226: BSc ISE Lecture By Dr Ariza Nordin Sept 2011 – Jan 2012 2929
How the student
define the current
problem to be solved
How the student
propose the projectHow the student
Implements the
project
What the
stakeholder really
wanted.
QUESTIONS ?QUESTIONS ?