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Name : Tirth KhatraniGrade : XSubject : ScienceTopic : Chemical Reactions And Equation

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Chemical equation▪ A chemical equation is the symbolic

representation of a chemical reaction wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side. The coefficients next to the symbols and formulae of entities are the absolute values of the stoichiometric numbers. The first chemical equation was diagrammed by Jean Beguin in 1615.

▪ Reactants Products

▪ Aluminium (s) + Sulphuric acid (aq) Hydrogen (g) + Aluminium sulphate (aq)

▪ Al (s) + H2SO4 (aq) H2 (g) + Al2(SO4)3 (aq)

Types Of Reaction

▪ Combination reaction▪Decomposition reaction▪ Single displacement reaction▪Double displacement reaction▪Oxidation and Reduction

Combination reaction

▪ A combination reaction is a reaction where two reactants are combined into one product.Those reaction in which two or more elements or compounds combine together to form a single compound are called combination reaction. They may be represented by X + Y → XY Combination reactions are usually exothermic. For example barium metal and fluorine gas will combine in a highly exothermic reaction to form the salt barium fluoride:

▪ Ba + F2 BaF2

Decomposition reaction

▪ Decomposition is a type of chemical reaction and it may be defined as the reaction in which a single compound splits into two or more simple substances under suitable conditions. It is just the opposite of the combination reaction.In a combination reaction, a substance is formed as a result of chemical combination, while in a decomposition reaction, the substance breaks into new substances.

▪ 2FeSO4 (s) Heat Fe2O3 (s) + SO2 (g) +SO3 (g)

(Ferrous sulphate) (Ferric oxide)

Single displacement reaction

▪ A single-displacement reaction, also named single-replacement reaction, is a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another - that is, one element is replaced by another in a compound. This is represented by the general reaction scheme:

▪ Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

(Copper sulphate) (Iron Sulphate)

Double displacement reaction

▪ Double displacement reactions may be defined as the chemical reactions in which one component each of both the reacting molecules is exchanged to form the products. During this reaction, the cations and anions of two different compounds switch places, forming two entirely different compounds.

▪ Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

(Sodium (Barium (Barium (Sodium

Suplhate) chloride) sulphate) chloride)

Oxidation and Reduction

▪ Oxidation : If a substance gains oxygen during a reaction ,it is said to be oxidised.

▪ Reduction : If a substance loses oxygen during a reaction ,it is said to be reduced.

Redox

▪ Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed; in general, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species.

Rancidification

▪ Rancidification, the product of which can be described as rancidity, is the chemical decomposition of fats, oils and other lipids (this degradation also occurs in mechanical cutting fluids). When these processes occur in food, undesirable odors and flavors can result. In some cases, however, the flavors can be desirable (as in aged cheeses. In processed meats, these flavors are collectively known as warmed-over flavor. Rancidification can also detract from the nutritional value of the food. Some vitamins are highly sensitive to degradation.

Corrosion▪ Corrosion is the gradual destruction of materials, (usually metals), by chemical reaction with its environment.

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