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Chemical Composition of DNA
Components•Five-carbon sugar (pentose) called deoxyribose•Phosphate group•Nitrogenous base
classification:purines (G and A)pyrimidines (C and T)
How is the DNA Chemically Designed to Perform its Role as Genetic Material?DNA•Deoxyribonucleic Acid•Storage facility of genetic information (genes)• It is replicated during synthesis phase of interphase before a cell divides.•Provides mechanism for chromosome duplication.
What Is the Central Dogma of Molecular Genetics?
DNA
RNA PROTEIN
Transcription
ReverseTranscription
Self-replicationloop
Lab conditions
Self-replicationloop
DNA Replication: DNA TO DNAComplementary Base Pairing• C pairs with G, and vice versa•A pairs with T, and vice versa
DNA Replication
TAC CTG TAG AGG CTC TTC ATG CAG AAG ATC
ATG GAC ATC TCC GAG AAG TAC GTC TTC TAG
Old Strand
New Strand
Transcription: DNA to RNA
TAC CTG TAG AGG CTC TTC ATG CAG AAG ATC
AUG GAC AUC UCC GAG AAG UAC GUC UUC UAG
One Strand DNA
mRNA
Transcription: DNA to RNA
Translation: RNA to Protein
UAC CUG UAG AGG CUC UUC AUG CAG AAG AUCtRNA
Final pairing/last strand
AUG GAC AUC UCC GAG AAG UAC GUC UUC UAGFinal pairing
met – asp – ile – ser – glu – lys – tyr – val – phe – stop
Genetic Code
What is the Role of DNA in Heredity?•Some genes provide instructions for the production of building blocks of the body, such as keratin in hair and in skin. Some genes code for the production of melanin that gives brown color to skin, eyes and hair, amylase for starch digestion or hormones like insulin for regulation of blood sugar.