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Chapter 4 Note-taking Guide and Organizer
Name__________________________Mod______________
Cell Theory
The Cell Theory has three parts.
1.
2.
3.
Cell Diversity
Cells vary in _______________________, _____________________ and internal
___________________________.
All cells have a specific _______________________ to do and look and
____________________________ the best for that job.
Important Vocabulary
Many cells have a variety of internal structures called ___________________________ or
mini organs.
Most cells are surrounded by a ___________________________________________.
Many cells have a large organelle called the _______________________________.
Cells that contain ________________________ and a ____________________________are
called _______________________________cells.
Cells that DO NOT contain organelles and a nucleus are called
__________________________________________ cells.
Let’s Compare Three Types of Cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Viruses
Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm (cytosol)
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Cytoskeleton
Cilia and Flagella
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Label the eukaryotic cell.
Plant Cells Vs. Animal Cells
What are the Differences?
Plant Cells Animal Cells
Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell
Most of the test will be on this topic!
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is selectively permeable which means some substances can cross and others cannot cross.
Cell membranes are made of primarily lipids and proteins.
Cell membranes are made of a lipid bi-layer.
A cell membrane is called a fluid mosaic because it behaves more like a liquid than a solid.
It is flexible and provides an effective barrier and transport function.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cytoplasm
This lies between the cell membrane inside of the cell.
It is a fluid that all the organelles float in.
It is sometimes called the cytosol.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell.
Mitochondria create ATP for the cell to use as energy.
One cell many have thousands of mitochondria depending on its function.
Mitochondria have two membranes and have their own DNA which only comes from the mother.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are the most numerous of the cell’s organelles.
Ribosomes are made of proteins and RNA.
Ribosomes are responsible for creating proteins.
Ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm and also attached to the rough ER. (endoplasmic reticulum)
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The ER comes in two varieties, the rough ER and the smooth ER.
The rough ER contains ribosomes and makes proteins.
The smooth ER does not contain ribosomes and makes lipids such as steroids.
The rough and smooth ER are sometimes attach to each other.
Both ER are involved in cell product transport of proteins and lipids.
Name Structure (What does it look like?) Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
The golgi is the processing, packaging and transport system.
It is a system of membranes that work closely with the ER.
The golgi modifies the products for transport throughout the cell.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes contain enzymes that help digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, DNA and RNA.
These enzymes can also digest old organelles, viruses and bacteria.
Lysosomes are rare in plant cells.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton’s are made of two parts: the microtubules and the microfilaments.
The microtubules assist in cell division by moving the cells apart.
Microfilaments are made of protein and help with muscle contractions.
Both help support the cell and give structure but do allow for movement.
Name Structure (What does it look like?) Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Microtubules
Microfilaments
Cilia and Flagella
Some cells have flagella. They usually only have one.
Many cells have cilia which can number in the thousands.
A flagella is like a whip.
Cilia are like tiny paddles.
Cilia and flagella are made of microtubules.
Name Structure (What does it look like?) Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cilia
Flagella
Nucleus
The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.
The nucleus contains all the DNA for the cell.
It directs all the activities of the cell.
The nuclear envelope contains pores so that RNA can pass into the cytoplasm during protein synthesis.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Nucleolus
The nucleolus is found inside the nucleus.
It is responsible for making the ribosomes.
There is usually only one.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Cell Wall
Found in plant cells and bacteria only.
Not found in animal cells.
Helps maintain structure and protection.
Does contain small pores to move water and oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Vacuoles
These are fluid filled and store many different things such as water, waste, enzymes and poisons.
In plants vacuoles take up 90% of the space.
Vacuoles are small in animal cells.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
Chloroplast
This also called a plastid.
Chloroplasts have their own membrane and their own DNA.
Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells and some protists. (little animals)
Chloroplasts do photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll which make them green.
Photosynthesis creates sugar from sunlight for the plant to use.
Structure (Looks like)
Draw a picture.
Function (What does it do?)
Summarize.
