Note-taking Chapter 8 - Weebly

Benchmark Practice

Inquiry LabChapter Review

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Name Date Class

What is the relationship between motion and forces?

1 The Practice of Science12 Motion of Objects13 Forces and Changes in Motion

THINK

ABOUT

IT!

Note-taking Chapter 8

Before You Read

Before you read the chapter, think about what you know about motion and forces. Identify an event related to motion. Record the event in the center box. List one or more causes of the event in the first box. List one or more effects of the event in the third box.

Chapter Vocabulary

Causes Event Effects

Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3

NEWreference pointpositiondisplacementmotionspeedvelocityacceleration

ACADEMICconstant

NEW distance-time graphspeed-time graph

NEW forcecontact forcenoncontact forcegravityfrictionair resistanceNewton’s first law of

motionNewton’s second law of

motionNewton’s third law of

motion

Motion and Forces 253

C008_252_281_SN_895428.indd Page 253 6/19/10 11:35:40 AM u-082C008_252_281_SN_895428.indd Page 253 6/19/10 11:35:40 AM u-082/Volumes/116/GO00654/SCIENCE/FLORIDA/SE/MY_I-SCIENCE_NTBK/Course1/007_895428_2_P1.../Volumes/116/GO00654/SCIENCE/FLORIDA/SE/MY_I-SCIENCE_NTBK/Course1/007_895428_2_P

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Lesson 1 Describing Motion

LA.6.2.2.3, MA.6.A.3.6, SC.6.P.12.1, SC.6.N.1.1, SC.6.N.1.4

Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson. Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson. Discuss your thoughts with a classmate.

Analyze the position in the description. Label the distance, direction and reference point.

The park is 3 km west of the school.

Differentiate between the distance and displacement for an object that started at point A and traveled as shown to point B.

Distance:

unitsDisplacement:

units

A B

Characterize motion.

Definition:

Description depends on: Motion

Distinguish concepts related to speed.

Term What It Means

Speed

Constant speed

Changing speed

Average speed

Describi ng PositionI found this on page .

MotionI found this on page .

SpeedI found this on page .

NGSSS Check

How do you describean object’s position? SC.6.P.12.1

254 Motion and Forces


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Lesson 1 | Describing Motion (continued)

Differentiate speed from velocity.

Speed Velocity

Identify two ways to change an object’s velocity.

Changes in

Velocity

Contrast velocity with acceleration.

Velocity Acceleration

Describe three ways an object can accelerate.

Change in Velocity Description

Positive acceleration

Negative acceleration

Changing direction

Analyze It Explain why, in a description of your motion for a whole day, your displacement is probably 0 m. Identify a reference point in your explanation.

VelocityI found this on page .

I found this on page .

AccelerationI found this on page .



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Graphing MotionLesson 2

LA.6.2.2.3, MA.6.A.3.6, SC.6.P.12.1, SC.6.N.1.1


Organize information about distance-time graphs.

y-axis shows x-axis shows

Distance-Time GraphPlotted line shows

Does not show

Plot data that you provide in the table onto a distance-time graph. Label the ax es.

Object:

Time

( )

Distance

( )

Assess the meanings of lines on a distance-time graph.

Changing steepness:

Straight line:

Describing Motion

with GraphsI found this on page .





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Lesson 2 | Graphing Motion (continued)

Characterize speed-time graphs.

Speed-Time Graph

y-axis shows x-axis s hows

Assess the meanings of lines on a speed-time graph.

Horizontal at y = 0:

Horizontal at y > 0:

Slopes upward from left to right:

Slopes downward from left to right:

Plot data that you provide in the table onto a speed-time graph. Label the a xes.

Object:

Time

( )

Speed

( )

Synthesize It Explain how the graphs that you learned about in Lesson 2 tell about an object’s displacem ent.

Speed-Time GraphsI found this on page .


NGSSS Check

How can a graph show you if the motion ofan object is constant? SC.6.P.12.1



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ForcesLesson 3

LA.6.2.2.3, SC.6.P.13.1, SC.6.P.13.2, SC.6.P.13.3, SC.6.N.1.1, SC.6.N.1.5


Organize information about force.

Contact Noncontact

Force:

Model factors that affect the force of gravity. Draw circles to represent masses as described.

Draw...

A. A mass

B. A mass that produces larger gravitational force than A

C. A mass that produces smaller gravitational force than A

D. Two masses

E. The same masses as D, but positioned to produce less gravitational force

F. The same masses as D, but positioned to produce greater gravitational force

What is force?I found this on page .

Gravity—A Noncontact

ForceI found this on page .



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Lesson 3 | Forces (continued)

Paraphrase how factors affect the force of gravity between two objects.

Distance and Gravity Mass and Gravity

Differentiate mass from weight.

Organize information about friction.

Friction

Type of force:

Resists

Acts in

Af fects a

More than a

Identify the frictional force between objects and air.

Friction—A Contact

ForceI found this on page .

NGSSS Check

What are some examples of contact and noncontact forces you have experienced today? SC.6.P.13.1

NGSSS Check

What is the law of gravity? SC.6.P.13.2




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Explain combined forces on an object.

Factor Explanation

Net force

Balanced forces

Unbalanced forces

Net force = 0

Net force ≠ 0

Sequence the effect of forces on velocity.

The force of a train engine is greater than the force of friction.

A train track exerts a sideway force on the train’s wheels.

Cause Effect Change

Identify two examples of constant motion produced by balanced forces.

1.

2.

Combining ForcesI found this on page .

Unbalanced Forces and

AccelerationI found this on page .

Balanced Forces and

Constant MotionI found this on page .

NGSSS Check

What can happen when forces combine? SC.6.P.13.3

NGSSS Check

How do balanced and unbalanced forces affect motion? SC.6.P.13.3



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Compare New ton’s first law of motion to the meaningof inertia.

Newton’s first law of motion: Inertia:

Relate mass to acceleration and net force as described in Newton’s second law of motion.

increases decreases increases increases

Express the equation described by Newton’s second lawof motion.

a = f

m

Restate Newton’s third law of motion.

Forces and Newton’s

Laws of MotionI found this on page .




Connect It Suppose the world no longer had friction! Describe how this would affect three activities in your morning before school.



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Note-taking Chapter 8 - Weebly