Ch 11.2

CHAPTER 11

Section 1: Civil War and Revolution

Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England

Section 3: English Colonial Expansion

Section 4: The Enlightenment

Section 5: The American Revolution

Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America

SECTION 2

11.2 Bell Ringer Question:What laws did Parliament create to protect against arbitrary rule?

Constitutional Monarchy in England

SECTION 2Constitutional Monarchy in England

After Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658 and the subsequent collapse of the Commonwealth in 1660, Charles II was restored to the English throne.


Charles II The Merry Monarch

England was overjoyed at having a monarch again. However, royal powers and privileges were severely limited by Parliament.


Charles’ reign was beset by many problems.


Killed an estimated 100,000 people,

20% of London's population

1665 Bubonic Plague


GreatFire ofLondon1667

80% of the city wasdestroyed.


Problem of Succession . . . Charles did not have any children. His heir would be his brother – James. But James was a

CATHOLIC …. RUTROW!


Political parties would form in Parliament from the ashes of the Cavaliers and Roundheads -- arguing the question of succession.

Whigs ToriesWanted a strong Parliament – NO catholic king

Supported the hereditary right to rule – they would accept a Catholic king

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Political parties formed in Parliament from the ashes of the Cavaliers and Roundheads. The Cavaliers evolved into the Tory Party, royalists intent on preserving the king's authority over Parliament, while the Roundheads transformed into the Whig Party, men of property dedicated to expanding trade abroad and maintaining Parliament's supremacy in the political field.


Charles died and his brother is crowned James II.

Almost immediately, he starts aggravating Parliament with his ideas of absolute rule of the king.How long do you think Parliament put up with THAT?


William III Mary II


Changes in the ways people thought about gov’t

Thomas Hobbes John Locke

Let’s compare the ideas of Hobbes and Locke. Draw up a two column

chart for these gentlemen.


Thomas Hobbes

• Unwritten social contract gave the leader absolute power

• People only kept the right to protect their own lives

• Wrote Leviathan 1651


John Locke

• People only gave up some rights• Life, liberty and the right to own property• A ruler (gov’t) who violated these rights

had broken the social contract and could justly be overthrown.

• Wrote Two Treatises of Government 1689


The ideas of Hobbes and Locke inspired changes in how government

worked ….

Parliament began to put safeguards into law so that their rights as citizens could be protected.


Safeguard

Habeas Corpus Act

English Bill of Rights

Act of Toleration

protected individuals from unfair arrest and imprisonment

declared Parliament would choose who ruled the country; subjected ruler to parliamentary laws; prohibited ruler from imposing taxes or maintaining an army in peaceful times without Parliament’s consent; guaranteed free speech for members of Parliament; gave citizens the right to petition the government; declared citizens should not be required to pay excessive bail or be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment

granted Protestant dissenters some religious freedoms

Purpose

Using your book, complete this chart.


With those safeguards, we now see the growth of Parliamentary Rule in England.

No more divine right of king!

• Parliament held most of the power.• The Cabinet: officers of state chosen from

leaders in Parliament• Act of Union 1707 created Great Britain• The Hanoverian Kings• Sir Robert Walpole – first Prime Minister


The government of England will now be a Limited Constitutional MonarchyLimited Constitutional Monarchy.

• The monarch remained Britain’s head of state.

• Royal powers were clearly limited.• The Prime Minister was pretty much

the real head of government because the king’s power had been reduced.


Now it is time for your quiz.

Grab your notes and a pencil.

Do not use your textbook!

Education

Ch 11.2