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Chapter 10--pre Civil War
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Chapter 10Section 1
Slavery and Western Expansion Wilmot Proviso
Any territory the US gained from Mexico would be slave free Passed in House but never got to the Senate Opposed by the Southern States
Popular Sovereignty Each new territory would decide for themselves if they were slave or free
Secession Taking states out of the Union South began talking about it if California would enter as a free state This would make the balance of power in the Senate unequal
Compromise of 1850 Was to ease tensions between the North and South over slavery
California enters as Free StatePopular Sovereignty determines slavery in Utah and New
Mexico territoriesTexas and New Mexico boarder was resolved, New Mexico
gets more land and Texas gets 10 million dollarsSlave Trade abolished in D.C., but not slave trade in USFederal Enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act
Section 2Effects of Fugitive Slave Act
Law unfairly sent free African Americans to the SouthLed to corruption in federal govt.Led to Northern Hostility toward the South
Underground RR Well organized system that helped slaves escape to the North Leaders were called conductors Harriet Tubman
Section 2Transcontinental Railroad
Railroad that would connect the eastern and western United StatesLed to a debate of where the RR would start and what direction it
would go
Kansas Nebraska ActWanted settlement in Kansas and Nebraska TerritoriesSLAVE OR FREE?divided Kansas into Slavery and Nebraska as a free state
Bleeding Kansas Slave setters and anti-slave settlers were setting in Kansas Boarder Ruffians-Pro slave men from Mizzou who stormed into KS and voted
illegally setting up a pro slave legislature Free state settlers set up their own government ---KS has two governments at this
time Lawrence Kansas was attacked by Boarder Ruffians who ransacked the town Led to a nickname of Bleeding Kansas due to the territorial civil war between pro
and anti slave groups Over 200 people died and millions of dollars of property had been destroyed
The Caning of Charles Sumner Sumner was an anti-slave Senator from Massachusetts gave a speech
accusing the Southern Senators and Andrew Butler of South Carolina of forcing Kansas into the ranks of slavery
Preston Brooks, a cousin of Butler beat Sumner savagely on the floor of the Senate
Many southerners viewed Brooks as a hero
The event strengthened the Northern anti-slave movement
Section 3Political Parties of the Era
Whig—opposed Democratic PartyDemocrat—Dominated by Southern SenatorsLiberty—abolitionistsFree-Soil—made of Anti-slavery Whigs and DemocratsRepublicans—Strong opponents of slavery, still a party
todayKnow Nothings—anti Catholic and Anti immigration
Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott was a slave who lived for a time in a free territory
Sued for his freedom
Decided that African Americans were not citizens and could not sue
Said that the govt could not limit slavery in the territories
Led to further distance between the North and South
Lincoln vs DouglasHeld a series of debates for Illinois Senate race
Lincoln opposed slavery and Douglas wanted Popular Sovereignty
Douglas won the election but Lincoln gained new support nationally in the Republican Party
John BrownAn extreme abolitionist
Moved to Kansas to help in the free settlers against slavery
Became a hero in the north
Led the insurrection in Virginia against slaveholders by raiding Harpers Ferry
Was captured and hanged
Section 4Election of 1860
Lincoln won without any southern state supportDemocratic vote was split between North and South, making
the candidates split votes vs LincolnSet the wheels in motion for the secession of the southern
states
Causes EffectsSlavery
Kansas Nebraska Act Violence
Dred Scott Ruling
John Brown’s raid
Southern States Secession
Confederates attacked Ft. Sumter in South Carolina
Slavery outlawed in the U.S.
Southern States rebuilt their economy
African Americans gain citizenship and the right to vote
First Civil Rights laws were passed