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California Geography
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Physiogeographic Regions of California
Chapter One
California Counties
California Cities
Northwest California and the Klamath Mountains
• Counties: o Del Norte, western
Siskiyou, Humboldt, Trinity, northern Mendocino, southwest corner of Shasta, western edge of Tehama
• Largest Cities:o Eureka 26,520, Arcata
17,200, Fortuna 11,250, Crescent City 7,550
Sea Stacks occur many places on the California coast. They are perhaps most dramatic in the Klamath region where some of them are large enough to harbor remnant forests now separated from the mainland.
Northwest California and the Klamath Mountains
• Steep, moist, forested, mountain slopes
• Coast Ranges and Klamath Mountains
• Smith Valley• Smith, Klamath,
Trinity, Mad, and Eel Rivers
Parts of the Klamath region receive upwards of 100 inches of precipitation a year. Such moisture allows a multitude of plants and animals to thrive, sometimes on each other.
North/Central California with its Southern Cascades
• Counties:o Siskiyou, Shasta
• Largest Citieso Redding 88,500,
Shasta Lake 10,100, Yreka 7,400, Mt Shasta 3,650, Weed 2,960
Mt Shasta
North/Central California with its Southern Cascades
• Transition from Klamath Mountains to Modoc Plateau-volcanoes
• Mt Shasta, Mt Lassen
• Pit River• Shasta Valley• Dry valleys, cool
winters, continental air masses
The Northeast and Modoc Plateau
• Countieso Modoc, Lassen, north
tip of Plumas• Cities
o Susanville 18,200, Alturas 2,840
The Northeast and Modoc Plateau• Volcanoes and Lava
Flows• Fault block valleys
(Basin and Range)• Warner Mtns• Honey Lake, Alkali
Lakes• Surprise Valley• Pit River• Rain Shadow of
Klamaths and Cascades
Pit River
Isolated Cultures and Economies of the Northeast
• Residents are isolated• Dry climate: ranching in
Modoc’s Valleys• Hunting, fishing, tourism• Culturally conservative• Does not attract industry,
business, or people• Susanville exception-tied
to Reno & HWY 395• Tribal Casinos in
Susanville and Alturas
Basin and Range
• Counties:o Mono, Inyo
• Cities:o Bishop 3,650,
Mammoth Lakes 7,900,
Lone Pine
Basin and Range• East of the Sierra Nevada
throughout the state of Nevada• High mountain ranges-parallel
north/south ranges• White, Inyo, Coso and Argus
Ranges, Panamint Mountains• Playas• Volcanoes• Rain Shadow very dry, sparse
vegetation• Bristlecone Pines• Mono Lake, Owens River,
Owen Lake, Los Angeles Aqueduct
• Tourism, Mammoth
Sierra Nevada
• Counties: Plumas, Sierra, eastern edges of Butte and Yuba, Nevada, eastern Placer, El Dorado, Amador, Alpine, Calaveras, Tuolumne, Mariposa, eastern portions of Madera, Fresno, and Tulare, northeastern Kern, western fringes of Mono and Inyo
• Cities:o Paradise 26,750, South Lake
Tahoe 23,700, Truckee 15,500, Auburn 12,850, Grass Valley 12,500 Near Bishop Pass
Sierra Nevada
• Physiogeographic province and landform
• 400 mi long, 70 mi wide• Many +14,000 ft peaks• West more rounded,
wetter, catches orographic precipitation
• East steeper, drier• Varied climates
Sierras meet the Mojave Desert
People Invade the Sierra Nevada
• Mining towns• Agricultural and timber
service centers• Tourists• Suburbs• National Parks-
Yosemite 3.5 million visitors per year
• Lake Isabella Kern River South Lake Tahoe
Southern California Deserts: Transmontane Southern California
• Counties: o southeast corner of Kern,
northeastern corner of Los Angeles, nearly all of San Bernardino, much of Riverside
• Cities:o Palmdale 133,500, Lancaster
129,500, Victorville 80,000, Hesperia 72,000, Apple Valley 62,500 Joshua Trees in the snow
Southern California Deserts: Transmontane Southern California
• Older mountain ranges, desert plains
• High desert with deep valleys, salty playas
• “Cooler” and “wetter” than other deserts
• Mining• Military• Transportation• Suburbs Creosote Bush
The Colorado Desert
• Counties:o Imperial, southern and
eastern portions of Riverside, far eastern edge of San Diego
• Cities:o Indio 62,000, Cathedral
City 51,000, Palm Desert 46,500, Palm Springs 44,500, El Centro 41,000
California Fan Palms
The Colorado Desert
• Salton Trough• Low desert• Coachella and
Imperial Valleys• Rain shadow of
Peninsular Ranges• Irrigated agriculture• Like Southern Arizona
and Northern Mexico• Snowbirds
Salton Sea
Southern California’s Coast: Cismontane Southern California
• Counties:o San Diego, southwest San
Bernardino, western Riverside, Los Angeles, Orange
• Cities:o San Diego 1,300,000, Chula Vista
210,000, Oceanside 175,000 Escondido 142,000, Riverside 277,000, San Bernardino 200,000, Ontario 170,000, Los Angeles 3,940,000, Long Beach 495,000, Glendale 206,000, Santa Ana 354,000, Anaheim 350,000, Huntington Beach 200,000, Irvine 173,000, Garden Grove 172,000
Los Angeles
Transverse Ranges North of Los Angeles
• Counties:o Santa Barbara,
Ventura, northern Los Angeles
• Cities:o Oxnard 192,000,
Santa Clarita 170,000, Simi Valley 120,000, Ventura 108,000
San Fernando Valley
Transverse Ranges North of Los Angeles
• Ventura-Oxnard plain agriculture
• Suburbanization• Santa Barbara• Canyon Country
commuters-tied to LA• Transverse Range-
protects Southern California from cold snaps
Geographic Pivot Point
• San Andreas fault meets Garlock fault• Corners of five geographic regions: Coast
Ranges, Central Valley, Tehachapi Sierra Nevada, Mojave, and Transverse Range
• Where climate changes, division of northern and southern California
• Both natural and cultural• Frazier Peak, Tejon Pass
The Central Coast and Coast Ranges
• Counties:o Far northern tip of
Santa ,Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, San Mateo, Alameda, San Francisco, Contra Costa, western edges of several San Joaquin Valley counties, Marin, southwestern Solano, Sonoma, Napa, southern Mendocino, Lake, western edges of Glenn and Colusa
• Cities:o Salinas 156,000, Santa Maria
87,500, Santa Cruz 56,400, San Luis Obispo 44,300
Flower Farm near Gilroy
The Central Coast and Coast Ranges
• Western side of Central Valley
• San Andreas fault• North more rain-
redwoods• Salinas Valley agriculture• San Francisco Bay-Delta
salt and fresh water• Moro Bay, Monterey, Big
Sur 2,000,000 touristsMission San Antiono is found in the rugged Santa Lucia Mountains of the Central Coast Ranges.
The Central Coast and Coast Ranges
• San Francisco Bay Area• Cities: San Jose
930,000, San Francisco 795,000, Oakland 414,000, Fremont 211,000, Santa Rosa 158,000, Hayward 146,000, Sunnyvale 133,000
• Many suburbs: North Bay, East Bay, South Bay
Golden Gate Bridge
Central Valley
• Counties:o Southern tip of Shasta, Tehama,
eastern Glenn, western Butte, eastern Colusa, Sutter, western Yuba and Placer, Yolo, Sacramento, northeastern Solano, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, southwestern Madera and Fresno and Tulare, Kings, western Kern
• Cities:o Fresno 465,000, Sacramento
450,000, Bakersfield 290,000, Stockton 274,000, Modesto 206,000
Central Valley
• Giant valley 400 miles long from Shasta County to the Tehachapis 50 miles wide at widest
• Mostly flat• Sacramento River drains north,
San Joaquin River drains south• Excellent soil• Little rain, dependent on Sierra
runoff• Water engineering-control
flooding and distribute water• AGRICULTURE
Additional Terms
• California• Cismontane• Culture hearth• Cycles• Delta• Diversity, connections, change• Five fundamental geographic
themes• Geographic center• Geographic isolation• Geographic pivot point• History• Human landscape
• Mission, presidio, pueblo• Processes• Regional geography• Renaissance in geography• Scales of study• Six essential elements of
geography• South Coast• Systematic• Systems• Topical• Transmontane• Twenty-first century trends