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BROWN BAG ON Impact Measurement
and Stakeholder Engagement
in HARO’s Program on Productive Water Rights in Ethiopia
Adinda van Hemelrijck – MEL AdvisorFriday, May 7, 2010
1:00 - 2:00pm
OVERVIEW
30 minutes presentation (with Q&A): 4 program background slides 5 slides on program goal & objectives, theory
of change, and impact measures 8 slides on stakeholder consultation workshop
(purpose & outcomes, process & results)
30 minutes discussion
On Padare: Presentation: http://padare.oxfamamerica.org/content/23370 Water Program: http://padare.oxfamamerica.org/content/227
3
BACKGROUND
Agriculture• Contributes 45% to the GDP
• Generates 85% foreign currency95% Smallholders (0.93 ha/HH)
99% rain-fed
Land 74.3 mln ha Arable land <-> 12.3 mln ha, cultivated (2008) 3.7 mln ha, irrigable <-> 0.6 mln ha, irrigated
5
Opportunity window:
Agri-development led industrialization
CC Adaptation funding
Water policy - Water for consumption & productive use
Water sector development program
- Irrigation development program established • Goals, targets for 15 years • Plans (127,138 ha in 4 regions: USD 599.4 mln)
= over 80% of the regional budget allocation
> Achievements are not satisfactory> Regions are very committed & OA investment can help a lot in realizing
targets
BACKGROUND
6Goal:
To enable SHs access & manage water resources for enhancing their
production and food security in a fair, equitable and sustainable manner.
SCO1SHs’ rights over
water for production
SCO2SHs’ sustainable
use and management of water resources
SCO3Equal opportunities for women vis-à-vis
men in use & management
of water resources
BACKGROUND
2008 - 2009 Financial crisis
REGULATORY & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK for equitable access and distribution of water rights
LOCAL CAPACITY, ORGANIZATION & CO-INVESTMENT
Increased capacity and co-investment of Local
Gov in sustainable design /construction of
water schemes,and support of
smallholders’ legal organizations
Enhanced community organization into water users associations and legal business entities
(cooperatives) with democratic leadership
(including women)
Increased knowledge of water rights & policies,
and increased capacity and co-investment of
rural communities in sustainable design,
construction and M&O of water schemes
Regional NGOs / CSOs help establish and
monitor communities & government relations
through co-investment and co-decision-making
in water schemes development
(Tri-Partite Agreement)
Increased budget and operational support from
Regional Gov (investment targets
per region)
Increased regional knowledge and multi-
stakeholder dialogue on equal access and fair
distribution of water rights
SMALLHOLDER ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Rural communities take greater charge of decisions around water
rights and resources
Increased realization of women’s water
interests in relation to men’s
Increased smallholder entrepreneurship based on greater
confidence, influence and resilience
NATIONAL POLICY, LEGISLATION & RESOURCE LEVERAGEfor equitable access and distribution of water rights
Increased funding for research & replication
National Gov reinforces constit law and water policy, creates
incentives for smallholder investment and for resources
& benefit sharing in HHs
Increased knowledge of best practices and understanding of
bottlenecks in national policy and legislation
GOAL:By 2020
vulnerable rural communities
in moisture stressed
areas of Tigray, Amhara & Oromia Regional States in
Ethiopia, will exercise their
rights to equitably access,
sustainably use and manage water
resources for production.
This will improve their food security
and strengthen their rural
livelihoods.
Increased equitable access to water for
production
Effective local governance of ≠ water interests & need, and
improved conflict-resolving
Increased legal protection against unfair competition and rights
denial
Increased access to markets and bargaining
power
Positive engagement with private sector for
inputs & services
Time lag: Assumptions to be probed
Oxfam & Strategic Partners
Core-Value
Proposition:
CO-
INVESTMENT
THEORY OF CHANGE
IMPACT DOMAINS
1. Smallholders’ food security;
2. Smallholders’ water access and local governance of water rights;
3. Access to markets and positive private sector engagement
4. Co-investment, institutional coordination and local capacity reg. water resource development for/with smallholders;
5. Productive water needs & interests by social group, and women’s influence on decisions/priorities reg. water resource development for smallholders;
6. Sustainable water productivity & efficiency
7. Equitable distribution of water rights across different types of users (public, smallholder, investor, industry…)
MEASURING COMPLEX SYSTEMIC CHANGE…
13. HH food security
1. Eq access to prod opportunities
(land & water)
2.&3. Prices for produce & inputs
(users vs non-users - savings & credit)
Water governance (ownership)
7. Federal investments(from donors / from
internal revenue)
5.Woreda budgets & tax base
Resource allocation from Reg gov to
Woreda
Opportunity cost of allocations to
SSPWRD
10.Women leadersh infl & dec-power in
HHs & Com Inst
11. Women leadership, infl & dec-power in loc, reg & fed govs
12. Water productivityTechn & financial
sustainability
Environmental sustainability
4. NGO Investments & capacity-building
efforts
6. Woreda capacity (HR, operatons,
coord)
Conflicts (across localities)
Legal protection (><competition)
8. Prod water needs & interests met (by social group)
9. Women leadersh,
infl & dec-power in NGOs
Core Value Proposition
CO-INVESTMENT SYSTEM
Community
Loc & Reg Gov Donors
NGOs
3. Input price paid by WUA and non-WUA farmers
2. Farm produce prices / nearest market prices
4. Current NGO investments directly in “water for productive use” (hard & soft ware)
5. Woreda budgets for SSPWRD
6. Woreda capacity to support community organization & WR management
7. Donor $$ / fed gov investment plans for SSPWRD
1. Equal Access to productive opportunities
related to land & water
9. % leadership positions in community institutions and influence on community priorities/decisions
11. % leadership positions in local and regional Gov Offices and influence on priorities/decisions
10. % leadership positions in NGOs and influence on
priorities/decisions
13. Household Food Security
8. Productive water needs & interests met (by social group)
12. Water productivity
STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION WORKSHOP Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), February 22-23, 2010
Purpose Create a space where key stakeholders
can get their head around the systemare prodded to listen to each other and create a common languagecan start to learn together about impacts of contributions /co-investments
Launch of a curriculum of impact reflection & learning with key stakeholders
Outcomes Shared Model of Change Agreement on impact domains and impact indicators Map of stakeholders’ roles & contributions Agreement on Co-investment approach Inputs (if any) in impact baseline research design
FACILITATION APPROACH
No PowerPoint!
Every-body
is Expert
Listen -> Scan -> Focus -> Act
STAKEHOLDER ROLESMONDAY MORNING
CHANGE LANDSCAPINGMONDAY AFTERNOON FEBRUARY 22, 2010
CHANGE MODEL SYNTHESISTUESDAY MORNING FEBRUARY 23, 2010
IMPACT INDICATORS IDENTIFIED AND APPROVED
1. Increased productivity (variables: unit of water use per hectare of land)
2. Increased household food security
3. Improved household health
4. Increased household income
5. Better market prices for inputs, products & services
6. Financial sustainability
7. Technical sustainability
8. Equitable water access and use (or equitable allocation of water users rights within water users associations or cooperatives)
9. Equitable decision-making power in government at the federal, regional and local levels
10. Equitable decision-making power in NGOs and CBOs
11. Environmental sustainability (variables: erosion, salinity, water size)
12. Less conflict (between up & downstream users, different types of users, and migrating communities)
13. Resource allocation from regional to local government (and resource mobilization from local to regional level)
14. Increased federal investments (from donors / from internal revenues)
DISCUSSION ON INDICATORS Most indicators are composites that are depending on
variables also influencing other indicators.
There is no one-to-one relationship between indicators and outcomes, and therefore they need to be measured as a system.
It’s important to have some quantified indicators, but we also need qualitative measures for assessing social relations (such as gender).
Measuring progress and impacts will happen in phases. Only core proposition and changes relevant to this program phase needs a baseline now.
VALIDATION OF CHANGE MODEL
Conclusions active involvement of the communities co-investment &
ownership tri-partite agreements mutual accountability between
communities, local & regional government and NGOs post-construction support ensuring sustainability down-ward accountability communities’ feedback on program
delivery appropriate water technologies existing sources and local
conditions (agro-ecological, institutional, livelihood systems, socio-cultural practices)
integrated watershed management other organizations working on different water usages
CommunitiesSTAKEHOLDER ROLE PLAYTUESDAY MORNING
In English:Our role is like, mm… this big!
Zonal & Regional Governments
FINAL REPORTTUESDAY AFTERNOON
Indicator timeline – What to measure when?
Gender mainstreaming – what does “equitable decision making power” mean in practice?
Co-investment and tri-partite agreement – Draft a charter Sustainable agriculture and water technology – What action
and collaboration is needed? Complementary topics (affecting or are affected by the
program, but not at the core of the strategy) – Who can do this?
Indicators Timeline
Sustainable Agriculture & Water Technology
FEEDBACK FROM COMMUNITY REPRENSENTATIVES
“People have come from far to organize this workshop. People have come from far to participate and contribute to this event. I have learned a great deal. We thank the facilitators for giving us the opportunity to participate, and we hope this will happen more and more in the future. It was fascinating to discuss and learn together with so many smart people in the room. It was an honor to sit side by side of all these people who have studied and are experts. We have brought our knowledge and experiences to the discussions. We have acquired new insights and gained a more complete understanding of the challenges we face around water, the possible solutions and who is part of these solutions. All of us have spoken great words and made great promises. If a year from now we come together again, and find out that none of these great words and promises were implemented and nothing has changed, than we have wasted all these people’s time! So we all have the responsibility to make this program work. The work is not finished!”
“I appreciate the strong focus on gender equality and women’s needs and positions. I was sent by my village to speak out for the women who still don’t have the same opportunities as men. We want to change that. The approach this program is taking is very promising. But be aware that women still are not sufficiently involved in the planning and management of irrigation and water systems, and are often left on the sideline. Although they show good intentions, development and extension workers do often fail taking into account women’s perspectives on all the things they do. They forget that most of the times when the men are gone to work in the cities, the women are managing the farms! Women are perfectly capable of doing all this. However technical training and management support is mostly organized only for men. We hope that through the kind of discussions that we had in the past 2 days, these practices will change.”
GETTING TO MAYBE… (Page 1)
“Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful
beyond measure.
It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, who am I to be brilliant
gorgeous talented fabulous? Actually who are you not to be?
Our playing small does not serve the world. (…)
We are all meant to shine, as children do… It is not just in some of us; it is in everyone. (…)
As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.”
The End
DISCUSSION
Why is it important to engage stakeholders in the discussion around impact?
What are the risks and how can we mitigate them?
How does this contribute to robustness of our impact measurement systems?