Kollaborative Klassroom Template
Business Information Systems
Systems Architecture
Prithwis Mukerjee, Ph.D.
From Science to Engineering
Computer Science refers to Programs
Data Structures :describes WHAT is to be processed
Algorithms : specifies HOW it is to be processed
Information Systems Engineering refers to Systems
Database : describes WHAT is to be processed
Applications : specifies HOW it is to be processed
Integrated Systems
First Principle
Data must be logically distinct from Applications
Single Tier Integrated Systems
Need to separate data from applications
Even if they are on the same physical hardware
Laptop / desktop / server
DATAAPPLICATION
DATAAPPLICATION
system
Two Tier : Client Server Architecture
Data in the Server
server software : Oracle / mySQL / SQL Server / DB2
Applications stored on individual machines
Business Logic the business rules
Presentation Logic the GUI : windows, buttons etc
LAN : Local Area Network
Connects clients machines to server using TCP / IP protocols
DATAAPPLICATIONAPPLICATIONAPPLICATION
Two Tier : Client Server Architecture
Advantages
Convenient graphics user interface
Does not place processing burden on server machine when you have
hundreds of users
Disadvantages
High Bandwidth requirements : slows down application
Wide Area Network (WAN) issues
Maintainance / Version Control of distributed software
DATAAPPLICATIONAPPLICATIONAPPLICATION
Three Tier Architecture
Application is partitioned
Business Logic kept centrally
Changes to business logic done at one location
Presentation Logic kept locally
Data transfer over network is minimised
DATAUser interfaceUser interface
Business App
User interface
Multi-Tier Architecture
Internet is no different from WAN
Both TCP / IP but WAN is private, Internet is public
Inexpensive : no need to invest in corporate network
Insecure : need to use security software for corporate use
Advantage
No need for specialist software at each client location
Disadvantage
Business Application has to be web enabled
DATAWeb browser
Business App
Web browser
WEB Server
internet
Multi Tier Architecture - Consolidation
DATAWeb browser
Business App
Web browser
WEB Server
DATA
Business AppWEB Server
DATA
Business AppWEB Server
Application serverand web serverphysically located on same
machineAll three serverson same physicalmachineinternet
Two Tier : Multiple Applications
Multiple applications
Have specific requirements and distinct data
Distributed across more than one machine
These applications could be
From different vendors or developed in-house
Based on different technology platforms
Oracle ? Excel ? Java ? C++ ?
SALES DATAFINANCEPAYROLLSALES
FIN DATAHR DATA
Salesserver
Accountsserver
Management becomes veryCOMPLEXmachines at Head Office
machines at Sales Offices
Managing Complexity # 1 : RDBMS
Advantages of an Integrated Database System
No duplication of data
No inconsistency of data across locations / time periods
Easier to manage
Backup and Restore
Security and user access authentication
FINANCEPAYROLLSALES
Integrated DatabaseOracleSQL ServerMySQL
machines at Head Office
machines at Sales Offices
CORPORATEDATABASE
Managing Complexity # 2 : ERP
Advantages of an Integrated ERP System
Tighter integration across all functional areas
No separate activity required to synchronise data
Can be purchase as a single package from established vendors
Benefit from best practices available with other companies
Faster to implement / Easier to manage and maintain
Identical software acrossall company machines
Integrated DatabaseOracleSQL ServerMySQL
Integrated ERP systemSAPOracle Apps
ERP Client S/wERP Client S/wFIN MODULEHR MODULESD
MODULECORPORATEDATABASE
Handling Specialist Requirements
FIN MODULEHR MODULESD MODULE
Integrated DatabaseOracleSQL ServerMySQL
Integrated ERP systemSAPOracle Apps
ERP Client S/wERP Client S/w
DW ServerSpecial Data
ERP Client S/wDW Client S/wIdentical software acrossall company
machines
Few specialistsmay have specificsoftware
CORPORATEDATABASEe.g. Data Warehousefor Business
Intelligence
Large + Complex + Distributed Systems
Database Server
CORPORATEDATABASE
Applications Server
ENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSAP etc
WEB Server
Wide AreaNetwork
Web browser
Web browser
Web browser
Web browser
Secure, Web Based, Enterprise Systems
Database Server
CORPORATEDATABASE
Applications Server
ENTERPRISEAPPLICATIONSAP etc
WEB Server
Web browser
Web browser
FirewallServers
Hackers wilget stopped by firewall
internet
Development of Application Systems
Database Server
DATA
Web+ AppServer
Database Design and Development is based the Relational
Model
Oracle
SQL Server
MySQL
ZOHO !
Application Design and Development
Java / C++
Visual Basic
Ruby-on-Rails
ZOHO !
internet
Summary
Information Systems need to be partitioned into
Data Systems
Application Systems
Application Architecture
Two tier
Three tier
Three tier web based
Data Architecture is based on the Relational Model
Theoretically consistent
Easy to use
Widely supported by major vendors
What is the relational model for database systems ?
That is the next topic in the
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Prithwis Mukerjee
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