By: Jaida Glanton

Astronomy Unit Presentation

• Mercury is the second smallest planet in the solar system .

• Mercury is 46 million kilometers from the sun .

• Has no moons• Hot rocks • The surface is covered with

craters .

Mercury

• Orbits the sun every 224.7 Earth days

• one of the brightest object in the sky

• Venus is 6 million miles from the sun

• Second planet from the sun • Venus rises and sets with the

sun

Venus

• Orbits the sun• Earth has tectonic plates • Summer and winter are caused

by the tilt of the Earth• 30% of Earth is covered by land • 70% of Eath is covered by water

Earth

• Very bright • 2 moons called Phoboo and Piemos• 4th planet from the sun • 200 To the maximum degrees • Has roughly the same surface areas

of the earth

Mars

• 5th planet from the sun • Jupiter has “ the great red

spot” • Has 4 rings• Jupiter has hydrogen • Find fact

Jupiter

• Second largest planet• The density is less than water• 886 miles away from the sun • Other planets have rings , Saturn's rings

are the only ones visible from Earth• Has gas

Saturn

• Has 13 rings . 2 of them are far away from the planet

• Uranus is located between Saturn and Neptune • 7th planet from the sun• Uranus mass is more than 14 times larger than Earth • Massive axis tilt of roughly 90 degress

Uranus

Neptune

• Neptune has 19 known moons• Neptune is 30 times farther from the sun

as is the Earth• Has a rocky core • The atmosphere is made up of hydrogen ,

helium and methane• Goes around the sun once every 165 Earth

years

Tools used for space • Probes – can travel to + on planets

• Satellites – any object that revolves around another

Spiral -Most spiral galaxies contain a central bulge surrounded by a flat rotating disk of stars

Elliptical-An elliptical galaxy is a galaxy having an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth

Irregular-An irregular galaxy is a galaxy that does not have a distinct regular shape

Active- An active galactic nucleus is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that has a much higher than normal luminosity over at least some portion

Cluster-A galaxy cluster is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies bound by gravity

Galaxies

• Distance that can travel in the year

• Distance not time

• The different distance is measured by the parallax

• Since light travels at slightly more than 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers) per second, one light-year is roughly equal to 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion kilometers).

Light Years

• If the body mass is heavy then the stronger the gravitational force is.

• Mass does not change

• Mass takes of space

• Gravity depends on –mass and –distance

• Distance effects it by how much the weight is .

Mass and distance effects on gravity

• The sun has layers

• Core ,radiation zones , convection zone , photosphere , chromosphere and corona

• The sun has sun spots

• Solar layer – is a magnetic storm that releases huge amount of gas into the atmosphere.

• The sun is really bright

Sun

• The moons was formed 20 to 30 million years after earth

• The moon contains soil

• The moon has no atmosphere Because of the wind

• The moon has phases

Moons

• The universe is 13.7 billion years old

• Other planets have rings , Saturn's rings are the only ones visible from Earth

Universe

FUN FACTS!• Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, temperatures can reach -280 degrees F. Why? Since Mercury has almost no atmosphere, there is nothing to trap heat near the surface. So, the dark side of Mercury (the side facing away from the Sun) is very cold.

• Venus is considerably hotter than Mercury, even though it is further away from the Sun. The thickness of Venus’ atmosphere traps heat near the surface of the planet.

• Every year the moon is moving away from the Earth by 3 cm.

• Some of the stars in the sky are so far that the light from them takes million of years to reach us.

• The Sun is only an average size for a star but still accounts for 98% of the total matter in our solar system.