APPLICATION OF POLYMER

INTRODUCTION OF POLYMER

The world polymer is derived from the Greek words : poly + merospoly = many

Meros = parts

Polymer is the combination of large no. of repeating units of monomers.

The process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to three- dimensional network or polymer chain is known as polymerization.

APPLICATION OF POLYMER

The polymer industry has grown and diversified into one of the fastest growing industries in the world.

Today, polymer are commonly used in thousands of products as plastics, elastomers, coating, and adhesives.

No wonder polymer are found in every thing from compact discs to high-tech aerospace application.

It is difficult to find aspect of our lives that is not affected by polymer.

As polymer production has grown, so has the number of people who work in this field.

Today, it is estimated that 50 per cent of the chemical engineers and chemists in the united state work in the polymer industry.

APPLICATION OF POLYMER

1- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN SPACE 2- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN OCEAN 3- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN AGRICULTURE 4- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN ELECTRONICS 5- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN MEDICAL 6- APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN AUTOMOBILE 7- APPLICATION OF POLYMER CIVIL ENGINEERING

Application of polymer in space

It is used of construction material in aerospace and aircraft due to their light weight, high strength and relatively better mechanical, thermal, electrical and thermo-optical properties than other materials.

The polymer are also used to construct vehicle(space craft) components such as body panel ,vision window, adhesive, instrument parts etc.

Polymer used for these purposes are- PVC, SILICON, EPOXY FIBERGLASS, NYLON etc. Due to light weight and high strength, in comparison to other materials like metal.

The NASA is also developing Silicon Nanocomposite coating for airbags to be used on the Mars Exploration Rovers. Because Silicon polymer reduce the weight of the airbag.

PAE-TOR and PAE-COR are used for fire resistance and used in aircraft interior and electric motor.

Boron-fiber-reinforced polymer composite are used in military aircraft components and helicopter rotor blades.

Silicon carbide and aluminum oxide fiber-reinforced polymers are used in making rocket nose cones.

Poly acrylene ether Is used to resist the corroding effects of atomic oxygen on spacecraft in low earth orbit.

High performance polymers such as polysulfones are used as overhead passenger service modules on aircraft.

Application of polymer in OCEAN

Polymers are used as a metal alternative in sea application because of their excellent properties such as, light weight, no corrosion, high strength etc.

These are used in making boat hulls, pass anger and naval vessels, gas masks, life boats.

Some important polymers and their application include:

PVC is used for making sea water pipes, also fresh water.

PMMA used as optical fiber for making optical glasses which is used under sea.

Neoprene is used in making life saving jacket which are used in marine life.

Glass/epoxy composite are used for cargo line.

Nylon and fiber reinforced polymers are used in propeller for ships.

Epoxy resin reinforced with keblar fiber are used in making the ull of ship. Because of this composite is light weight and provide high impact strength and tear resistance.

APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN

AGRICULTUREPolymer are widely used in the field of agriculture to improve the physical properties of soil and increase productivity. These polymers are known as soil conditioner and used for the following purposes in agriculture:

Preventing soil erosion.

Reducing irrigation frequency.

Increasing water used efficiency.

Increasing plant performance especially in drought.

PAM is widely used as a soil conditioner. The liner PAM is used primarily for the prevention of soil erosion.

Cross-linked PAM is used absorb large quantities of water and release it over time.

Gel-forming polymers are used to increase soil water holding capacity and reduce irrigation frequency. These are also known as water retention granules.

Hydrogels absorb water and release it to the roots of plants therefore increase the amount of available moisture in the root zone. Thus it reduce the irrigation frequency.

Hydrogels are also helpful reduce fertilizer leaching.

Water-soluble soil conditioner are improve the physico-chemical properties of soil.

APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN ELECTRONICSIn general polymer have poor electrical conductivity, but new polymer material has been synthesized which process electrical conductivities.Such polymers are called conducting polymer. This process transforming a polymer to its conductive form via chemical oxidation and reduction called doping.

Application of different polymer including conducting polymer are discussed below:Organic solar sail produce electricity from sunlight using polymer.Conducting polymer are used in making organic light emitting diodes Which are used in television screen, mobile phone digital camera and watches.Conducting polymer are used for Rechargeable batteries it is alternative to lead-acid batteries.

Integrated circuit encapsulation is the design and manufacturing of protective packages for circuit.

LCPs are used in liquid crystal display on digital watches and television and other digital displays.

APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN MEDICAL

Dental Application:

In 19th century, gutth-percha was used for filling.

In 1909, PMMA was used as artificial teeth filling.

In 1930s, polyamide, polyester, polyethylene were prepared in different forms (rigid, soft, fibers, adhesives, etc) for several applications (filling, implant, sutures, etc).

S.No. POLYMER APPLICATIONS1 Nylon Used in sutures

2 Polyethylene Disposable syringe

3 Polypropylene Heart valves, blood filters

4 Silicone adhesives Covering burns and making artificial skin

5 PMMA Making dentures because it can be color matched to the patient teeth and gum tissu

6 Acrylic hydrogels Grafting

7 P V C Also Disposable syringe

8 PMMA Used in cosmetic surgery for reducing wrinkles and scars

9 PHEMA Contact lenses

10 Polyurethane Artificial heart, Heart valves, blood filters

APPLICATION OF POLYMER IN

AUTOMOBILE use of polymer in automobile has increased significantly over the last 100 years. Used are

- Instrument Panels- Engine- Windows- Tires- Body Panels

Polymer are widely used in structural components in automobiles due to some advantages they offer, which are not found in other material. These advantages are following:

Good specific strength and stiffness

Part integration

Easy of processing

Low density

Light weight

Relatively low cost

flexiblity

Elastomers in Tires Natural Rubber (NR) Polyisoprene Rubber (IR) Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) - 1.89 billion lbs/yr (1993) Polybutadiene Rubber (BR) - 1.03 billion lbs/yr (1993) plastics Compete with other materials based on:

Weight savings Design flexibility Parts consolidation Ease of fabrication

APPLICATION OF POLYMER CIVIL

ENGINEERING

The construction industry uses variety of classic building material like metals, glass, wood, and stone but plastic material are become increasingly important due to there out standing performance.

Construction applications of plastic include:

Pipes and guttering

Windows and doors

Roofing

Sealants and adhesive

Flooring and building panel

In civil engineering :

Road and sports surface

Building reinforced

Bridge building

Some application of polymer in building construction:

PVC with stabilizers and additives has been developed for roller shutters, gutters and fences.

Polystyrene are used extensively, primarily in insulation applications:

Composite materials are being used for load bearing in construction applications.

Recycled plastic are also being used in a cement matrices.

Polymeric fibers can also used to reinforce cement.

Polymer mortars and concerted are used in applications such as protective coating.

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