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NOSOCOMIAL NOSOCOMIAL ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT
ORGANISMSORGANISMS
MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusVRE: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
MRSAMRSAResistant to most antibioticsFound in health care facilities– hospitals– long term care facilities
other care facilities
Not a threat to healthy people
Why should YOU be concerned about Why should YOU be concerned about MRSA?MRSA?
Difficult to contain
Easily spread
Hard to treat
Risk factors for MRSA infectionRisk factors for MRSA infection
Surgery Devices used in invasive procedures ICU or burn ward Age Treatment with multiple antibiotics Severe illness or disability Prolonged or repeated hospital stays Compromised immune system
How is MRSA spread?How is MRSA spread?Direct contact between health-care
workers and clients.– Colonized vs. infected persons
Health-care workers are the MAIN carriers.
NOT usually spread through the air
How do I detect an infection of MRSA?How do I detect an infection of MRSA?
Symptoms:– drainage from a wound– Fever and chills– increased White Blood Count
Common sites of infectionCommon sites of infection
Respiratory tractSurgical woundsPerineum or rectumSkin
How to stop the spread of MRSAHow to stop the spread of MRSA
Proper hand-washing:– Before caring for each client– After removing gloves– Before leaving the client’s room
VREVREHard to treat
Some forms of VRE pass on their drug-resistant genes!
Risk factors for VRE infectionRisk factors for VRE infection
Severe illnessTreatment with multiple antibioticsAbdominal or cardiac surgeryDevices used in invasive proceduresAgeICUProlonged or repeated hospital stays
How does a VRE infection develop?How does a VRE infection develop?
Opportunistic
Bacteria transmitted between clients and health care workers– colonized vs. infected persons
Signs of VRE infectionSigns of VRE infection
Drainage from a woundFever and chillsIncreased White Blood Count
Hand-washing prevents spread of VREHand-washing prevents spread of VRE
Wash hands before patient care
Wash hands after removing gloves
Wash hands BEFORE leaving the patient’s room.
MRSA AND VREMRSA AND VREAll health-care workers play a role in
preventing the spread of these nosocomial infections.
REMEMBER-WASH YOUR HANDS