Angiospermss

Angiosperms, the Flowering PlantsFor more notes on Biology and to learn Biology, visit http://heavengb.com

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What are angiosperms?Angiosperms are the flowering, vascular and

seed bearing plantsThey produce seeds contained in fruitsThe fruit is developed from the parts of

reproductive structure, the flowerThis group of plants is the dominant form of

plant life on the planetThey are the major source of food for humans

and other mammalsAbout 260,000 species are known


Habit and HabitatThe plants of this group are mostly shrubs,

herbs, and most familiar treesThey may be very large tress. e.g. EucalyptusOr may be tiny plants. e.g. Duckweed (1mm in

diameter)They are found everywhere except the polar

regions, highest mountain tops, and the deep oceans

They may occur as terrestrial plants, epiphytes, floating and rooted aquatics, parasites and saprophyteshttp://www.heavengb.com. The Biology

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Euclayptus Duckweed


MorphologyFlower is the most significant part of the

angiospermsIt is the reproductive part of the plant which

produces seeds


Parts of the flowerMale Parts1. Stamen

Made up of filaments and antherProduces pollensNumber of stamens is usually same as the number of petals

AntherPart of the stamen that produces and stores pollenIt is usually found at the tip of a stalk

FilamentThis is the stalk that the anther sits on top ofhttp://www.heavengb.com. The Biology


Parts of the flowerFemale Parts1. Stigma

Receives pollen from the male part2. Style

Long stalk like structure between ovary and stigma

3. OvaryIs usually found at the bottom of the flowerProduces seeds inside and turns into fruit upon ripening

4. OvuleThe part of the ovary that becomes seedhttp://www.heavengb.com. The Biology


Carpel


Other parts of flowerPetals

They are modified and colorful leaves of a flowerThey attract pollinators towards the flower

SepalsThey are also modified leaves but are green in colorThey cover the petals and protect them


Evolution of AngiospermsThe closest relatives of the angiosperms

remain a mystery but the unique angiosperm flower probably evolved from an extinct angiosperm group that insect pollinated cones, combining male and female reproductive parts


Evolutionary Adaptations

1. The development of the flower

The male and female structures are now in the same location on the plant, with a few exceptions, before in angiosperms,


Evolutionary adaptations2. Pollination aided

by biotic factors.

Most plants have used abiotic factors such as water or wind.


Evolutionary adaptations3. The development of

a seed that contains energy as well as the development of a fruit for protection and dispersal

Most of the fruits we eat allow the seed to be dispersed away from the parent plant


Two kinds of flowering plantsMonocots – Mono – meaning one Cotyledon - seed leaf


Monocots Continued.Primary food source for

much of the planetWhether we eat them

or we feed them to other animals so we can eat the animals


Monocots – even moreMaiz

Wheat


DicotsDi – meaning two Cotyledon – seed leaf


DicotsMost of our

fruits and vegetables are dicots.

Lots of energy here as well, but they usually don’t store.


Other dicots…Some that contain woodSome that don’tLots that are in between.


Medicinal UsesOf

Angiosperms


1- Apple (Malus domestica)

Apple juice is used as anti-inflammatory for the digestive tract

It decreases the acidity of the stomach Apple acts as both antidiarrheal and soft laxative Its juice helps to dissolve access fats, thus

decreasing obesity It is also used to treat cough and bronchitis Decreases the risk of cancer, esp. of digestive

tract Reduces fever Enhances the hearing ability Apple juice is a good skin conditioner


2. Grapes (Vitis vinifera)

Grapes are source of many essential metals (cobalt, iron) and vitamins (B1, B2,В6, В12)

Its juice has been used to treat metabolism disorders

Grapes are also beneficial in treating the disorders of liver, kidney, lungs as well as cardiovascular problems

This fruit is anti-inflammatory and laxativeGrapes help with nervous disorders,

hypertension, high blood pressure and bronchitis

It helps to get rid of anemiaIt has also been proved beneficial in treating

tuberculosis


3. Apricot (Prunus armeniaca)

Contains vitamin B-17 and many other useful nutrients

Decreases the risk of cancerBoosts the immune systemIt acts as a laxative and also adds in digestionIt has been proved useful for treating anemiaIt is useful in treating respiratory disordersIt treats the coughApricot is used to make medicines for the

skin diseaseshttp://www.heavengb.com. The Biology Website. Visit and learn for free

4. Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Pomegranate juice is cardio-protective, as it regulates the level of LDL and cholesterol

Thus it is a good tonic for the heartIt enhances the function of liver and kidneysIt is a good laxative and also treats stomach

inflammationIt has been proved as anticancer and inhibitor

against TBIts juice inhibits the replication of many viral

genomes including herpes simplex virusJuice of pomegranate decreases fever due to its

antiseptic propertiesIt is also beneficial in diarrhea


5. Cherry (Prunus avium) It is a remedy for insomnia, arthritis, nausea,

depression, headache and abdominal crampsIt destroys the pathogens which cause diseasesIt is also high in antioxidants that help to fight

cancer and heart diseaseCherry is low in cholesterol, fat and sodium. It is

also a very good source of fiber and Vitamin CIt reduces body and muscle pain,

and also reduces the risk of colon cancer

Cherry improves memory


6. Pear (Pyrus communis)

Enhances the function of kidneyPear is beneficial in obesity, hypertension,

dropsy (edemas), nephritis, kidney stones and in inflammation of urine bladder

The juice of pear is applied externally on the body to reduce pain

It is the source of vitamins, and helps in loss of excess weight


7. Peach (Prunus persica)

It has antioxidant properties, thus it prevents the cancer

Its ingredients (carotenes) keep our arteries healthy

Ingredients of peach enhances our sightIt strengthens our skin against sun light and

also prevents dryness of skinTreats digestive ulcersIt possesses an ingredient selenium, which

provides stability to the heartStrengthens bones and also enhances the

nervous systemhttp://www.heavengb.com. The Biology Website. Visit and learn for free

Importance of AngiospermsThey are the source of 80% of world’s foodThey provide O2

They are the source of many medicinesAngiosperms provide lumber for construction

and the manufacturing of furnitureThey provide fuelClean our atmosphereLarge trees are affective wind breakersDecrease soil erosionProvide habitat for many organisms


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Angiospermss