Introduction to Android

Design By Mr. Shivendra SrivastwaAPSMIND TECHNOLOGY

8750475003

AndroidWhat is Android?

-Android is Linux Based OS

-Designed for use on cell phones, e-readers, tablet PCs.-Android provides easy access to social networking sites.-Android has been adopted by a number of manufacturers.-Lot of Applications Available in Google Market.-Android-based phones will continue to be strong competitors in the smart-phone market.

How does Android work?

– Its open market model allows registered software developers

to create applications for Android- Listing of Applications in Android Market– Users can download from a growing store of smart-phone applications at Google Market– Download compatible Android apps from other

locations

Android Architecture

Linux Kernel

• Linux Version 2.6 as - h/w abstraction layer

• Proven driver model

• Security, Memory & Process Management

• Efficient computing resource management

• Stable and proven for mobile platform

Libraries

• Written in C/C++ - System C Library(libc)• Surface manager - composing different drawing

screens• Display/Graphics(SGL)-for 2D graphics• OpenGLES – 3D Graphics Library• Media Libraries• SQLite –RDB engine-light weight• LibWebCore–web browser engine–embeddable web

view

Android Runtime

• Includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality-JAVA

• Every Android application runs in its own process

• Dalvik VM executes files in the (.dex) format

• Device can run multiple VMs efficiently.

The Dalvik Virtual Machine

• Interpreter only machine optimized for use on low powered, low memory devices like phones

• Dalvik uses the Java programming language but not the JVM

• Dalvik is not a Java virtual machine.

• It uses bytecode format called “dex”.

Application Framework

Activity Manager :Manages the lifecycle of applications

Content provider :Enable applications access data from other applications

Resource Manager :Providing access to non-code resources

Window Manager :window manager instance is bound to a particular Display.

Notification manager: Class to notify the user of events that happen. This is how you tell the user that something has happened in the background

Who’s doing it?

– Computer science departments at numerous colleges and

universities are embracing development for the Android platform.

– Engineering doctoral students from the University of Washington work at Google’s Seattle offices to refine the Open

Data Kit that they created- Using Android in Industrial Automation

WHAT MAKES AN ANDROID SPECIAL

• Open source – Free development platform • Built in components can be improved• Built in services like GPS,SQL Database,

browser and maps• Management of process life cycle• High quality graphics and sound• Portability across current and future hardware• Component-based architecture and

reusable, replaceable modules • Multi-layer isolation of programs

Why is Android significant?– Android has been selected by many hardware

manufacturers to run on a wide range of devices.– Android based phones are available from all major

cellular providers.– Android may bring smart phone and tablet

functionality to a much wider cross-section of students.– Android is a User Friendly OS.

Where is Android going?– The Android OS may accelerate the diffusion of

smart phones by providing a free OS.– Access to the Android software development kit

(SDK) suggests that the number of applications will continue to swell as professional developers provide new offerings.

– Transforming them from consumers of existing applications to creators of apps designed to meet their needs.

– Android, by increasing the user base, might hasten the integration of mobile technology.

– Android is the Biggest selling OS in the World on Mobile Computing.

ANDROID SDK

Android software development is the process by which new applications are created for the Android operating system.

Applications are usually developed in the Java programming language using the Android Software Development Kit.

Development Tools

• The Android SDK includes a variety of custom tools that help you develop mobile applications on the Android platform.Three of the most significant tools are:

• Android Emulator -A virtual mobile device that runs on our computer -use to design, debug, and test our applications in an actual Android run-time environment

• Android Development Tools Plugin -for the Eclipse IDE – adds powerful extensions to the Eclipse integrated environment

• Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (DDMS) -Integrated with Dalvik -this tool let us manage processes on an emulator and assists in debugging

Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

Android Application Development

Eclipse IDE

AndroidSDK

AndroidEmulator

AndroidMobileDevice

Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

Android development

Android Manifest

Resource XML

Java Source

Generated Class

Java Compiler

Android Libraries

.dexFile

DalvikVM

Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

Eclipse Emulator

Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

Soft Development

Design Coding Testing

Release Process

Errors?DesignError?

No

Yes

No

Yes

Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

Release Process

Prepare for BuildPerform Build

“Release Candidate”ThoroughlyTest Build

PublishRelease

Test PackagedRelease Candidate

Package andSign Package

Fix Bugs!

Got Bugs?

Got Bugs?No Bugs?

Mr. Shivendra Srivastwa

DESIGN

• Android is based on the Linux kernel, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony.

SOFTWARE FEATURES

• Integrated browser based on the open source Web Kit engine

• SQLite for relational data storage• Media support for common audio,

video, and still image formats• Dalvik Virtual Machine optimized for

mobile devices

HARDWARE FEAUTURES

• Cellular networking : GSM, EDGE, 3G• LAN : Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi • Graphics Hardware Acceleration• Camera, GPS and Compass • Touch screen and accelerometer for

motion sensing

Techniques for saving data

– SQLite Databases: relational database library for storing and managing complex data

– Files: you can create, write, and read files from the local storage or external media (SD Cards)• FileOutputStream, FileInputStream, and Resources

classes.

04/11/23 MIT College of Engineering,Pune 25

Architecture of Data Storage

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Life cycle of application

04/11/23 MIT College of Engineering,Pune 27

1.A foreground process 2.A visible process 3.A service process 4.A background process 5.An empty process

SECURITY

• Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the operating system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are granted by the user when the application is installed.

ANDROID MARKET

• Google Play, formerly Android Market, is the online software store developed by Google for Android devices

• Market. As of October 2011 there were more than 300,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from the Android Market as of December 2011 exceeded 10 billion.

What are the downsides of Android?

- Platform fragmentation is an issue for Android OS devices.

- New application releases may not work reliably across all Android devices.-For developers, the variety of device types and form factors that use Android make development more expensive.- Google does not oversee or approve third-party Android apps before they go to market.- Half of Application sent private information including GPS coordinates and phone numbers to remote servers without seeking permission or notifying users.

CONCLUSION

Android is open to all: industry, developers and users

Participating in many of the successful open source projects

Aims to be as easy to build for as the web.

Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile Internet

Android is a disruptive technology, which was introduced initially on mobile handsets, but has much wider potential.