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TESTING THE APPLICATION OF
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE OF COMMON
POOL RESOURCES:
AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Andrea Torvinen, Grant Snitker and Rhian
Stotts
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE
Elinor Ostrom – Governing the Commons (1990)
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE
Elinor Ostrom – Governing the Commons (1990)
Institutional analysis focuses on documenting social-ecological
systems involving the management of common pool resources
CPRs
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE
Elinor Ostrom – Governing the Commons (1990)
Institutional analysis focuses on documenting social-ecological
systems involving the management of common pool resources
CPRs
Management systems must be localized to SES conditions and
have the ability to adapt to changing conditions and
circumstances
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE
Elinor Ostrom – Governing the Commons (1990)
Institutional analysis focuses on documenting social-ecological
systems involving the management of common pool resources
CPRs
Management systems must be localized to SES conditions and
have the ability to adapt to changing conditions and
circumstances
Framework that evolves over time and is used to analyze multi-
level governance strategies
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE
Elinor Ostrom – Governing the Commons (1990)
Institutional analysis focuses on documenting social-ecological
systems involving the management of common pool resources
CPRs
Management systems must be localized to SES conditions and
have the ability to adapt to changing conditions and
circumstances
Framework that evolves over time and is used to analyze multi-
level governance strategies
Eight “design principles” have been identified
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
Collective-choice arrangements
Effective monitoring
Graduated sanctions
Conflict-resolution mechanisms
Minimal right to organize
Nested enterprises
SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM (SES)
FRAMEWORK
Ostrom (2007:15182, Figure 1)
Ostrom (2007:15183, Table 1)
APPLYING THE SES FRAMEWORK TO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CASES
Methodology involves three stages:
Identify the second-tier variables supported by archaeological data
Describe each case using Ostrom’s (1990) narrative format
Determine which design principles are present in each case
APPLYING THE SES FRAMEWORK TO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CASES
Methodology involves three stages:
Identify the second-tier variables supported by archaeological data
Describe each case using Ostrom’s (1990) narrative format
Determine which design principles are present in each case
Archaeological record allows for documentation of implementation
strategies
APPLYING THE SES FRAMEWORK TO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CASES
Methodology involves three stages:
Identify the second-tier variables supported by archaeological data
Describe each case using Ostrom’s (1990) narrative format
Determine which design principles are present in each case
Archaeological record allows for documentation of implementation
strategies
Archaeological case studies provide long-term perspectives on
CPR management
APPLYING THE SES FRAMEWORK TO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CASES
Methodology involves three stages:
Identify the second-tier variables supported by archaeological data
Describe each case using Ostrom’s (1990) narrative format
Determine which design principles are present in each case
Archaeological record allows for documentation of implementation
strategies
Archaeological case studies provide long-term perspectives on
CPR management
North Atlantic Biocultural Organisation case studies
APPLYING THE SES FRAMEWORK TO
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CASES First- Tier SES Variables Archaeological Data Historical Data Environmental Data
Social, Economic and
Political Settings Settlement patterns,
archaeofauna
Trade documents, political
organization, records of
social hierarchy
Resource distribution on
landscape
Resource System Archaeofauna, settlement
patterns, archaeobotanical
remains Descriptions of landscape
Geomorphology,
ecology, pollen record
Resource Units Archaeofauna, settlement
patterns Resource documents,
inventories Geomorphology, ecology
Governance System Settlement patterns,
archaeobotanical remains Written laws, treaties, etc --
Users Settlement patterns,
archaeobotanical remains,
archaeofauna -- Pollen record
Interactions Archaeofauna, settlement
patterns, archaeobotanical
remains
Descriptions of trade and
commerce --
Outcomes Archaeobotanical remains -- Geomorphology, ecology
Related Ecosystems Settlement patterns -- Climate proxies
NORTH ATLANTIC CASE STUDIES
Dugmore et al. (2009:98, Figure 7.1)
GRAZING SYSTEM OF THE FAROE
ISLANDS
Thomson et al. (2007:740, Figure 1)
WOODLAND MANAGEMENT IN
EYJAFJALLAHREPPUR, SOUTH ICELAND
WOODLAND CONSERVATION IN
MARKARFLJÓT VALLEY
Dugmore et al. (2007:23, Figure 4)
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
Collective-choice arrangements
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
Collective-choice arrangements
Effective monitoring
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
Collective-choice arrangements
Effective monitoring
Graduated sanctions
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
Collective-choice arrangements
Effective monitoring
Graduated sanctions
Conflict-resolution mechanisms
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
Collective-choice arrangements
Effective monitoring
Graduated sanctions
Conflict-resolution mechanisms
Minimal right to organize
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Clearly defined boundaries
Proportional equivalence between benefits and costs
Collective-choice arrangements
Effective monitoring
Graduated sanctions
Conflict-resolution mechanisms
Minimal right to organize
Nested enterprises
EVALUATION OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Grazing System of the
Faroe Islands Adaptive Governance
Design Principle
Woodland Management in
South Iceland
Degree Present? Present? Degree
Low Yes Clearly defined boundaries Yes Low
Moderate Yes Proportional equivalence No --
Low Yes Collective-choice arrangements No Moderate
-- Possible Effective monitoring Possible --
-- Possible Graduated sanctions Possible --
Low Yes Conflict-resolution mechanisms Yes Low
Low Yes Minimal right to organize No Low
Moderate Yes Nested enterprises Yes Moderate
EVALUATION OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Grazing System of the
Faroe Islands Adaptive Governance
Design Principle
Woodland Management in
South Iceland
Degree Present? Present? Degree
Low Yes Clearly defined boundaries Yes Low
Moderate Yes Proportional equivalence No --
Low Yes Collective-choice arrangements No Moderate
-- Possible Effective monitoring Possible --
-- Possible Graduated sanctions Possible --
Low Yes Conflict-resolution
mechanisms Yes Low
Low Yes Minimal right to organize No Low
Moderate Yes Nested enterprises Yes Moderate
EVALUATION OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Grazing System of the
Faroe Islands Adaptive Governance
Design Principle
Woodland Management in
South Iceland
Degree Present? Present? Degree
Low Yes Clearly defined boundaries Yes Low
Moderate Yes Proportional equivalence No --
Low Yes Collective-choice arrangements No Moderate
-- Possible Effective monitoring Possible --
-- Possible Graduated sanctions Possible --
Low Yes Conflict-resolution mechanisms Yes Low
Low Yes Minimal right to organize No Low
Moderate Yes Nested enterprises Yes Moderate
EVALUATION OF DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Grazing System of the
Faroe Islands Adaptive Governance
Design Principle
Woodland Management in
South Iceland
Degree Present? Present? Degree
Low Yes Clearly defined boundaries Yes Low
Moderate Yes Proportional equivalence No --
Low Yes Collective-choice arrangements No Moderate
-- Possible Effective monitoring Possible --
-- Possible Graduated sanctions Possible --
Low Yes Conflict-resolution mechanisms Yes Low
Low Yes Minimal right to organize No Low
Moderate Yes Nested enterprises Yes Moderate
CONCLUSIONS
SES Framework can be applied to archaeological cases
CONCLUSIONS
SES Framework can be applied to archaeological cases
Archaeological cases provide insights into implementation of design
principles and the costs/benefits associated with maintenance over
longue durée
CONCLUSIONS
SES Framework can be applied to archaeological cases
Archaeological cases provide insights into implementation of design principles and the costs/benefits associated with maintenance over longue durée
Interdisciplinary approach is necessary
CONCLUSIONS
SES Framework can be applied to archaeological cases
Archaeological cases provide insights into implementation of design principles and the costs/benefits associated with maintenance over longue durée
Interdisciplinary approach is necessary
Design principles are essential for successful CPR management in North Atlantic cases Grazing system had all eight design principles and continues to this day
Woodland management had only five design principles – widespread deforestation did occur early on, but core areas were maintained through management strategies
CONCLUSIONS
SES Framework can be applied to archaeological cases
Archaeological cases provide insights into implementation of design principles and the costs/benefits associated with maintenance over longue durée
Interdisciplinary approach is necessary
Design principles are essential for successful CPR management in North Atlantic cases Grazing system had all eight design principles and continues to this day
Woodland management had only five design principles – widespread deforestation did occur early on, but core areas were maintained through management strategies
Archaeological data and analysis have a demonstrated utility in creating long-term sustainable CPR systems for the present and future
THANK YOU
