Aijrfans14 269

ISSN (Print): 2328-3777, ISSN (Online): 2328-3785, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3793

American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences

AIJRFANS 14-269; © 2014, AIJRFANS All Rights Reserved Page 126

Available online at http://www.iasir.net

AIJRFANS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA

(An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)

EFFECT OF DENSITY ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI OF

BRACKISH WATER CULTURE SYSTEM IN WINTER SEASON

WITH ARTIFICIAL DIET, INDIA

Danya Babu. Ravuru1 and

Jagadish Naik. Mude

2

Department of Zoology and Aquaculture,

Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh–522510, INDIA

I. Introduction

Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), is the most important penaeid shrimp species farmed worldwide (Alcivar

– Warren et al., 2007). Because of the high demand for shrimps in Japan, the United States and Europe, shrimp

aquaculture has expanded rapidly in all around the world, especially in tropical areas, such as Southeast Asia

and Latin America (Lombardi et al., 2006). Among all species of shrimp, L. vannamei, which represents over

90% of shrimp culture in the Western hemisphere, is the most commonly cultured shrimp in Central and South

American countries, China and Thailand (Frias- Espericueta et al., 2001; Mc Graw et al., 2002; Saoud et al.,

2003). India ranks second next to china in shrimp production. India has the one of the longest coastal line of

8118 km. About 90percent of the total landings has commercially most importance for the shrimp culture all

over the world. Andhra Pradesh has the second longest coast line 972 km distributed in India. Prakasam District

has distributed 102 km coast line in Andhra Pradesh. The L.vannamei is growing much better than Penaeus

monodon. The recent trends in shrimp culture shows a considerable increase of farming of L. vannamei

replacing P. monodon culture. The optimal stocking density varies depending on the farm system and

management practices. In India the production of L.vannamei culture about 18247 (MT) from 2930 ha culture in

2010–11, the production of shrimp 48430.00 (MT).

II. Material and Methods

All ponds were pumped with creek water. The pond shape is rectangular. The post larvae (PL15) of L.vannamei

were 15 days old for beginning the study. The PL15 collected from BMR hatchery (Iscapalli village) situated

about 20 km of Nellore District in Andhra Pradesh. Cost of seed Rs. 50 paisa for each. Water depth maintained

7ft. In the summer season, L.vannamei (post larvae) stocking densities were taken for culture in three ponds,

each one contains (2, 50000) 50 species/m2 and also, survival was 82, 84 and 86% (2, 05,000; 2, 10,000; 2,

15,000), respectively. The temperature, salinity and DO ranges up to 16±20C, 12±2ppt and 4.0ppm/day. The

artificial diet was given made by Manamei feed pellet (Protein% 35 (Feed No. 1, 2, 3 and 3S) and Protein%

34(Feed No. 3M)).The methodology includes standard techniques to measure the water quality parameters.

III. Results

In the experiment the stocking density was influenced by the water quality parameters (see Table1) and also,

indicated the reduction of survival rate at higher densities. The species L.vannamei was well grownup to 20 gm

body weight from 2.0–3.5, 2.0–3.5 and 2.0–4.0g for P1, P2 and P3/15 days in Indian climate conditions, which

is better than other countries. In the culture system the growth rate increased due to the artificial feed

supplementation in the season. The oxygen consumption was higher in the large size groups than in the smaller

shrimp. More the feed is given; more the Ammonia and H2S gas are released. When the electrical aerators and

probiotics are used, the shrimp growth rate was increased due to lack of Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The shrimp

culture of the mean average weights of the shrimp were 16.5, 17.0 and 17.5g (Tables 1,2 and 3), survival were

Abstract: The White leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) is an Ecological important tropical

and euryhaline species. The culture was conducted from three ponds each one of 0.5hac for the study. Semi

Intensive culture system was selected in Chinaganjam village, Prakasam District under Brackish water

conditions. Stocking densities of L.vannamei (post larvae) were taken from three samples, each one contains

(2, 50,000) 50 species/m2 and its survival was 82%, 84% and 86%. The artificial diet was provided

4times/day with Manamei feed pellets (Protein 35 and 34%).In winter season in month of November to

February, the water quality parameters were measured fortnightly in a month at 7a. m. The production was

3287, 3472 and 3554kg and FCR was1.43, 1.51 and 1.46 and the final growth was 26.5, 27.0 and 27.5g for

P1, P2 and P3/95, 98 and 101 days, respectively.

Key words: L. vannamei, Temperature, Salinity, Density, Feed, Growth and Production

Danya Babu Ravuru et al., American International Journal of Research in Formal, Applied & Natural Sciences, 6(2), March-May 2014, pp.

126-129


82, 84 and 86%.The given feed 2352, 2359.4, 2486.7 kg/ 95, 98 and 101 days; FCR was1.43, 1.51 and 1.46 for

P1,P2 and P3 (Table 1); production was 3287, 3472 and 3554 kg, respectively. Cost of the feed Rs.71.84/kg and

Cost of the species at harvesting time Rs. 380, 390 and 400/kg for P1, P2 and P3.

IV. Discussion

The statistical analysis method was applied “ANOVA” test, comparison of the survival, production, growth rate

and FCR in P1, P2, and P3. The maintenance of good water quality is essential for optimum health, survival and

growth of shrimp. The present study was concluded that L.vannamei culture is successful in brackish water

environments and the growth is directly related to stocking density. The shrimp was relatively inactive about

200C and exhibited low food consumption comparatively at about 35

0C. The shrimp maintained at 35

0C had the

highest rate of food consumption (Araneda et a., 2008) recorded the average growth rate of 0.38 g/wk in the 90

shrimp/m2 and lowest in the180 shrimp/m

2 (0.33 g/wk).Despite the growth variation observed, all values of the

parameters meet the water quality requirements for shrimp production (Cawthorne, Beard, Devenport and

Wickins,1983; Allan and Maguire, 1991; Garcia and Brune, 1991; Lee and Wickins, 1992; Prado-Estepa,

Llobrera,Villaluz and Saldes, 1993); early morning Dissolved Oxygen concentration was between 3.0 to 4.5

mg1-1

; salinity was about 14% during the first week of grow out pond, which is preferable for post larvae (PL).

The initial lower temperatures would have reduced metabolism and diet intake of the shrimp (Lester and Pante

1992), consequently slowing growth during the first weak. The growth rate of L.vannamei at higher salinities of

50ppt and more, showed the possibility of commercial production. The optimum feeding rate and frequency of

presentation must, therefore, be determined for individual feeds and farms by carefully monitoring feed

consumption, growth and feed efficiency over several growing seasons (Tacon, 1993). As one of key factors for

culture shrimp, water quality not only affects the shrimp growth and survival rate, but also affects the accuracy

of the experiment result (Chim et al., 2008). During the course of the attachment, a large number of shrimp

could be assembled on the pond bottom from the artificial substrates (Zhang et al., 2010). Protein requirement

has been defined by Guillaume (1997) as the minimum or the maximum amount of protein needed per animal

per day. Protein requirements change with respect to changes in biotic factors (e.g. species, physiological state,

size) and dietary characteristics (e.g. protein quality, energy: protein ratio). Abiotic factors such as temperature

and salinity may also affect the protein requirement (Guillaume, 1997). The protein requirement of a given

species is often based on the response (e.g. weight gain, feed efficiency, protein conversion efficiency) of the

animal to varying levels of dietary protein under a given set of circumstances. Pro“W” Probiotic is provided to

all 3 ponds depending on biomass control of dead shrimps. Minerals are provided to all three ponds depending

on biomass i. e. EDTA 2.5 kg/0.5ha for molting of the species, Burunt lime to enhance the water quality. Sugar

7.5 kg/0.5 ha for hardening the shell. “Gasonex” to lift of the gas (while it is black soil, it will be given after 70

days). “Boonin” (do not use of above 15ppt of salinity) for deficiency of minerals. “Opti Oxygen” controls the

DO. “AQ lite” for bottom clears. Potash 15kg/0.5/ha for control the body gram of species.P1 the survival rate

was decreased comparatively with P2, P3 and P2 Food Conversion Ratio was high compared with P1,P3

(Table1) and P3 the growth was increased in P1,P2(Table 2, 3 and 4).

Table 1: Pond performance Details Pond Details Area (ha) DOC Stocking date PL stocking (days) Density(m2) & Initial stocking Survival (%) &

Numbers

FCR

P1 0.5 95 02/11/2012 PL15 50=2,50,000 82=2,05,000 1.43

P2 0.5 98 02/11/2012 PL15 50=2,50,000 84=2,10,000 1.51

P3 0.5 101 02/11/2012 PL15 50=2,50,000 86=2,15,000 1.46

Table 2: Pond 1 Water parameters & Growth performance (g) in winter season DOC Temperature

(0C)

Salinity (ppt) DO (ppm) Giving feed

(%)

Feeding/day

(kg)

Total growth

(gm)

AVG/ fortnightly

(gm)

15 13.0±2 9.0±2 3.4 – 120.00 2.00 2.00

30 14.0±2 10.0±2 3.6 6.5 54.90 4.00 2.00

45 14.5±2 10.5±2 3.7 5.0 41.00 7.00 3.00

60 15.0±2 11.0±2 3.8 4.5 36.90 10.00 3.00

75 16.0±2 12.0±2 4.0 3.5 28.70 13.00 3.00

95 15.5±2 11.5±2 3.9 3.5 28.40 16.50 3.50

Mean 14.6±2 10.5±2 3.7

Total production=3382kg; Dead shrimps=95kg; Final production=3287kg;

Total feed=2352kg


126-129


Line Graph1: Pond 1 Water parameters & Growth performance (g) in winter season

Table 3: Pond 2 Water parameters & Growth performance (g) in winter season DOC Temperatur

e (0C)

Salinity

(ppt)

DO

(ppm)

Giving

feed (%)

Feeding/da

y (kg)

Total growth

(gm)

AVG/

fortnightly

(gm)

15 13.0±2 9.0±2 3.4 – 120.0 2.00 2.00

30 13.5±2 9.5±2 3.5 6.5 54.6 4.50 2.50

45 14.0±2 10.0±2 3.6 4.5 37.8 7.50 3.00

60 15.0±2 11.0±2 3.8 4.0 33.6 10.50 3.00

75 16.0±2 12.0±2 4.0 3.5 29.4 13.50 3.00

98 15.5±2 11.5±2 3.9 3.5 29.2 17.00 3.50

Mean 14.5±2 10.3±2 3.7


Total feed=2359.40kg

Line Graph 2: Pond 2 Water parameters & Growth performance (g) in winter season

Table 4: Pond 3 Water parameters & Growth performance (g) in winter season DOC Temperatur

e (0C)

Salinity

(ppt)

DO

(ppm)

Giving

feed (%)

Feeding/da

y (kg)

Total growth

(gm)

AVG/

fortnightly

(gm)

15 13.5±2 9.5±2 3.5 – 120.0 2.00 2.00

30 14.0±2 10.0±2 3.6 6.5 55.90 4.50 2.50

45 14.5±2 10.5±2 3.7 4.5 38.70 7.50 3.00

60 15.0±2 11.0±2 3.8 4.0 34.40 10.50 3.00

75 16.0±2 12.0±2 4.0 3.5 30.10 13.50 3.00

101 15.5±2 11.5±2 3.9 3.5 30.00 17.50 4.00

Mean 14.7±2 10.7±2 3.7


Total feed=2486.70kg

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

15 30 45 60 75 95

Temperature

Salinity (ppt)

DO(ppm)

Giving feed (%)

Feeding/day (kg)

Total growth (gm)

AVG (gm)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

15 30 45 60 75 98

Temperature

Salinity (ppt)

DO(ppm)

Giving feed (%)

Feeding/day (kg)

Total growth (gm)

AVG (gm)


126-129


Line Graph 3: Pond 3 Water parameters & Growth performance (g) in winter season

Note: P=Pond, DOC=Days of Culture, PL=Post Larvae, FCR=Food Conversion Ratio and

DO=Dissolved Oxygen, AVG= Average growth

V. Conclusion

In the present study, it has been observed, Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved oxygen, Density and Survival have

been observed and the shrimp Growth rate and Production were increased with artificial Manamei feed when

compared with control.

VI. Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Farmer and Owner of the culture ponds K. Ramana (Neeli Aqua Pvt, Ltd.) in

Chinaganjam Village, Prakasakm District, for their encouragement and provided facilities up to harvest of the

L.vannamei culture.

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15 30 45 60 75 101

Temperature

Salinity(ppt)

DO(ppm)

Giving feed (%)

Feeding/day (kg)

Total growth (gm)

AVG growth (gm)

http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/0730-8000(2007)

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