AGLOBAL COUNTRY STUDY REPORT

ONAGRICULTURE INDUSTRY OF NIGER

WITH RESPECT TO BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR MAHARASHTRA AND

GUJARAT

INSTITUTE NAME:-GEETANJALI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES - RAJKOT

(766)GUIDED BY :-

PROF. ROSHNI THAWANIMBA SEM - III

DECEMBER 2015

PREPARED BY:

ENROLLMENT NO. STUDENT’S NAME

147660592101 Akshita Raiyani

147660592117 Riddhi Virani

147660592063 Eshita Chauhan

147664592003 Sagar Tilva

147664592005 Gnatasha Pathak

147660592050 Pooja Adatiya

INTRODUCTION OF NIGER

• The official name of Niger is ‘Republic of Niger’. It is named after river Niger which is Africa’s third longest river.

• The republic of Niger was officially created on 18 December 1958.AREA• The area of this landlocked country is 12,67,000 square kilometers.• The capital city is Niamey.

POPULATION • The Niger population is 1,78,31,270 in 2013.Niger rank is 60 among the

184 country. The male population is greater than woman. Male is 50.39% and woman is 49.60% of total population.

• Niger literacy rate is very low is about 12% of the population.

 LANGUAGE

• French, inherited from the colonial period, is the official language.• Niger has eight main languages which are also classified as "national

languages”: Hausa (Hausa group), Zarma (Zarma-Sonrai group), Tamasheq (Tuareg group), Fulfulde (Fula group), Kanuri (Kanuri group), Tubu (Tubu group), Arabic (Arabic group) and Gourmanchéma (Gourmanché group).

RELIGIONThe main religion in Niger are Islam and Christianity.

National Symbolism• National flag

• The centered orange circle is symbolic of the sun. The orange stripe represents the savannah grasslands, white the Niger River, and green represents the country's rainforests. The Niger flag somehow match with Indian flag.

Religion PercentageIslam 80%Christianity 20%

National symbol

• The nation symbol is ‘coat of arms’ which motto is “fraternity, work, and progess”.• Niger's coat of arms features a four-part flag draped in the national colors behind a white shield. The four golden symbols on the shield are a sun, crossed tuareg swords, pearl millet heads, and the head of a zebu. A ribbon displaying the name of the country in French.• The national anthem is “la nigérienne.

OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRY IN NIGER

Trade and commerce

• Niger’s economy depends on subsistence crops, livestock and uranium deposits. The country runs a continuous deficit on merchandise trade and its imports are dominated by machinery, vehicles, fuels and cereals. In 1999, France was one of the biggest trading partners of Niger in terms of imports (19%) and exports (40%). However, subsequently Japan has emerged as Niger’s main export partner. Nigeria is Niger’s biggest trade partner if figures related to informal trade are also considered. Niger also has trade relations with Germany, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and, in the region, with Cote d’ivoire, ghana and benin. 

 

List of industries in Niger• Mainly, agriculture and mining industry are in Niger. Also some other

industry is also contributed in national GDP. • Agriculture• Mining• Manufacturing• Service Contribution of industries in national GDP• Agriculture industry contributes about 38 % of total GDP.• Mining industry contribute about 27 % of total GDP.• Manufacture industry contribute about 12 % of total GDP.• Service industry contributes about 23 % of total GDP. 

OVERVIEW OF AGRICULTURE IN NIGER

• Agriculture is the primary economic activity of a majority of Niger's 17 million citizens.

• Sorghum crop, Rice crop, Livestock, Cowpeas, onion, groundnuts and cotton are some main crops in Niger.

• Niger's agricultural and livestock sectors are the mainstay of all but 18% of the population. Fourteen percent of Niger's GDP is generated by livestock production (camels, goats, sheep and cattle), said to support 29% of the population. Thus 53% of the population is actively involved in crop production..The 15% of Niger's land that is arable is found mainly along its southern border with Nigeria.

STEEPLED ANALYSIS OF NIGER

Social • Nigerien communities have their own cultural histories, and in part

because Nigerien ethnic groups such as the Hausa, Tuareg and Kanuri are but part of larger ethnic communities which cross borders introduced under colonialism.

• Each of these communities, along with smaller ethnic groups like the pastoral Wodaabe Fula, brought their own cultural traditions to the new state of Niger.

Technological• The national institute of agronomical research of Niger, in Niamey,

maintains two soil-science stations, at taka and kolo. There is also a national office of solar energy and a veterinary laboratory in Niamey.

• Niger relies heavily on foreign sources for technical expertise, and French agencies are especially active.

Environment• The North of Niger is covered by large deserts and semi deserts. The

southern parts of Niger are naturally dominated Savannahs.• It has the most important population of the rare West African lion and one

of the last populations of the Northwest African cheetah.• Environmental issues in Niger include destructive farming practices as a

result of population pressure.

Economic• Niger's economy is based largely on subsistence crops, livestock, and some

of the world's largest uranium deposits. Traditional subsistence farming, herding, small trading, and informal markets dominate an economy that generates few formal sector jobs.

• Current GDP per capita is very low by world standards, in part explained through the involvement of a majority of the population in very small scale agriculture, which generates little monetary exchange.

Political• Niger's new constitution was approved on 31 October 2010. It restored the

semi-presidential system of government and a prime minister named by the president share executive power.

• The country is currently divided into 8 regions, which are subdivided into 36 districts (departments). The chief administrator (Governor) in each department is appointed by the government and functions primarily as the local agent of the central authorities.

Legal• The seven-member constitutional court has jurisdiction over electoral and

constitutional matters, including ruling on the constitutionality of laws and ordinances, as well as compliance with international treaties and agreements. A court of state security tries crimes against the state.

• Traditional and customary courts hear cases involving divorce or inheritance.

Ethical• The Hausa are the largest ethnic group, forming 56% of the total population.

The djerma-songhai, the second-largest group, constitutes 22% of the population.

• The djerma-songhai are concentrated in the southwest; the hausa, in south-central and southeast Niger. Many of Niger's inhabitants are nomadic or semi nomadic livestock-raising peoples.

Demography• As of 2011, the population of Niger was 15,730,754.Expanding from a

population of 1.7 million in 1960, Niger's population has rapidly increased with a current growth rate of 3.3% (7.1 children per mother

• The population is predominantly young, with 49.2% under 15 years old and 2.7% over 65 years, and predominantly rural with only 21% living in urban areas.

• A 2005 study stated that over 800,000 people (nearly 8 per cent of the population) in Niger are enslaved.

STEEPLED ANALYSIS OF GUJARAT

Social• Back to history with Harappan civilzation, the state becomes a confluence

of many religions Hinduism, Islam, Jainism and Buddhism.• The major social impact would be enhanced livelihood opportunities for

poor farmer, as they would be able to generate extra income from farming from limited land and water.

Technological• Machines and irrigation are two types of equipment that can increase 

yields.With computer-controlled technology, greenhouses, provides ideal conditions for high- quality crop . Using the new technologies and more flexible to effectively work has been done by the farmer works. Reduced labor work. 

Economic• Government of Gujarat has touched upon almost all the key sectors

stratum Industry, Power, Ports, Roads, Agriculture and Mineral. one of India’s most successful states, having per capita GDP drastically above India’s average.

• State based SEZ contribute more than 66% of on the whole export by national SEZs.

Environmental• Climate• Temperature (lowest 6°C for crops to grow) and rainfall (at least 250mm to

500mm) pressure the types of crops that can be grown-up, e.g. Hot, wet tropical area support rice, while cooler, drier areas favour wheat.

• Soil• Productiveness is important; poor soil means lesser outputs or larger inputs

of fertilisers. Floodplains are good quality for rice because of the alluvial soils.Good drainage reduces the danger of stream logging.

Political• Political party and ideology and strengthened the political culture of

dependence on the state 's agricultural industry is beneficial . Gujarat Co-operative and Water Users Participatory Irrigation Management and Participatory Irrigation Management Act was passed in 2007, was introduced.

• It is key thing to stable and strong political environment.

Legal • Legal issues, biotechnology, agriculture, food and fisheries production

systems, collected by specific applications; these aspects were taken into account in public policy

• Tax on crop or any other duty is affected cultivation industry. Now a day Gujarat is vibrant Gujarat so policy and law for farmer improved compare to older days.

Ethical• Ethical eating or food ethics refers to the moral consequences of food

choices, both those made by humans for themselves and those made for food animals.

• Gujarat is most of favored vegetarian food. They believe are strong for god and affected to agriculture industry.

Demographic• Demographic profile, the state among the 15-59 age group, with more than

60% of the population of the state. Technical efficiency of farmers, mostly about changing technology, such as farmers , farming experience, the size of the land owned by the level of education and training is determined by socio-economic and demographic factors .

OVERVIEW OF MAHARSHTRA

• Maharashtra is the wealthiest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.3% of its GDP (2006–2007 figures),first in the country in case of tax revenue and GDP.

• Maharashtra is the 9th most media exposed states in India.• Main Rivers of the state are Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi-Purna and Wardha-

Wainganga.

Population• Terms of population and geographical area, Maharashtra is the second largest

state in India. The Maharashtra population is 11,78,53,636 in 2014. With over 9.29% of the total population of India.

• The male population is grater than women. 925 females per 1000 males. • With a literacy rate of 82.9%, Maharashtra is one of the top states of India.

Maharashtra has made significant progress in raising their overall literacy rate.

Language• Marathi, Hindi are mostly use in Maharashtra as an official language also

English too.

MAJOR INDUSTRY IN MAHARASHTRA • Cotton Industries • Sugar Industries• Paper Industries • Chemical Fertilizer Industries • Automobile Industries • Glass Industries

OVERVIEW OF AGRICULTURE IN MAHARASHTRA

• Agriculture is the mainstay of the state of Maharashtra. It is the main occupation of the people. Both food crops and cash crops are grown in the state. The main food crops of Maharashtra are mangoes, grapes, bananas, oranges, wheat, rice, jowar, bajra, and pulses. Cash crops include groundnut, cotton, sugarcane, turmeric, and tobacco. 

• The total irrigated area which has been used for crop cultivation is 33, 500 square kilometers. Large areas of the state have been brought under fruit cultivation. The fruits which have added to the treasury of the state are the Nagpur oranges, oranges of Bathplug, the Alphonso Mangoes and the grapes of Nashik. 

• The transport and communication services, infrastructure development in the rural area has helped in developing the agricultural production of the state.

 

STEEPLED ANALYSIS OF MAHARASHTRA

Social• The culture of Maharashtra influenced by Brahamin-kulkarni’s, Moeay

maratha-kunbi,Shimpi,Mahar, Mali.• Provision of irrigation facilities and promoting cooperative to expand

Maharashtra were followed for the development of agriculture, which was the main strategy. Different social groups react differently to the new opportunities .

Technological• Maharashtra issue in a country with culture technology is at the forefront of

the use of bio –technology, quality planting material production, cash crop micro propagation for a variety of flowering shrubs and trees is gaining immense popularity. Maharashtra Agricultural Biotechnology want to determine policy on the use of slate.

• Increasing the productivity of hybrid seeds and other technology used by the framer.

Economic•  The state continues to be the single largest contributor to the national economy

with a share of nearly 15% in the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). The agricultural growth rate has increased to 1.97%. To make things more accessible for the farmers the interest rate for the loans has been decreased to 6%.

•  To provide relief to stressed farmers who have been affected by the drought conditions, Rs.5200 crore has been sanctioned by the central government. This has been done to six districts of the Vidharba region.

• To compensate the crop losses Rs367 crore has been granted to the poor farmers.

Environmental• The rain shortage multiple harmful effects, loss of agricultural productivity, and

rural communities and urban centers, leading to a shortage of drinking and household water.

• Due to which cotton , cereal grains , and sugar cane production began to shift away. In 2013, the Maharashtra during the monsoon season in the last two after receiving the standard rain less than 50 % , is facing the worst drought in 40 years.

Political• The wave of anti Brahman sentiment associated Gandhi’s Elimination that

led the Maratha plurality to vote for political leader of her own caste an additional factor in Maharashtra political and voting related to agriculture.

• Maharashtra is India’s second major producer of sugarcane and Maharashtra state politics has been profoundly affected by the sugar industry.

Legal• The Reform: oversimplification Of Legal and technical Framework For

Conversion of Agricultural Land To Non Agricultural Purposes. Reforms for simplification of lawful and procedural framework for conversion of farming land should not be seen in isolation, but as part of taken as a whole package of reforms in land and property markets.

• Policy making by government for officially land purchased for agriculture sector to improved productivity.

Ethical• Not unexpectedly, recent developments have brought to the fore many

ethical issues that are central to food security and to sustainable rural progress and natural resource management; they are therefore of prime concern to FAO.

• Maharashtra now launching as specific publications series to treat this multifaceted subject.

Demographic

• The population of Maharashtra is frequently changing. To determine changes in population, the Government of Maharashtra State of the Census gather data on counts of people, that distribution and their uniqueness. The age profile and other population personality. Information on population size and distribution is vital if programs relating to agriculture. 

SWOT ANALYSIS OF NIGER 

Strength• Farmer/stakeholders capacity; capacity for innovation • Improved breeds/varieties of crops, livestock, pasture • Appropriate technologies available for different systems • Availability of investors / donors of funds to support sustainability in

agriculture • Available farmers organizations • Better use of crop residues for livestock feeding • Capacity for research • Crop-livestock, use of crop residues in feeding livestock  

Weakness  • Niger is landlocked country. • There is no coastal line. • It’s a main disadvantage of the country. • Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world. • People of Niger are literate so they cannot understand foreign language of

foreign visitors.• Access to information limited to urban centers• Weather • Agriculture not attractive as profession (by youth) • Agriculture production depending mostly on rainfall and not irrigation • Climate change effect • Disorganized food market; low profitability for farmers • Inadequate access to financial services (farmers) in agricultural sector  

Opportunities• Niger has world’s largest uranium deposit country. • Has no. Of opportunities to development in to the country in various

sectors.

Threats • Niger population is highest and also illiterate, so some terrorist group

strongly holds on Niger people that are ‘al quid’ and other ‘Islamic group’. 

SWOT ANALYSIS OF GUJARAT

Strength • There are 8 Agro-climatic zones, broad variety of soil, More than 40 major.

– Crops.

• Predominance of non-food, high value crops.– I.e. cotton, castor, tobacco, cumin, fennel, mango, groundnut, banana.

• Entrepreneurial farmers.• Greatest sea coast.• Sound developed infrastructure.• Agro Industries Policy.• Healthy developed Co-operatives. • supremacy in milk sector.• Good Governance + original initiatives.• Relatively well-built marketing network.• current attention to post harvest management.

Weakness

• 70% part depend on rain,(After end of Sardar Sarovar Project it will be 49%).

• irregular distribution of rain i.e. In Kutch -400 mm & In South Gujarat -1500 mm.

• Drought prone area..• Arid and semi arid area, 19.61% & 9.46% respectively share in India.• Low technology assimilation capacity in rural areas. • High cost of power.• Flood / erosion.

Opportunities 

• Agri export zone i.e. Potato, Castor, Isabgul, Fruits. Datepalm, Duram wheat etc.Organic farming: Special Zone, Market for organic product.

• Agro processing Industries i.e. Cotton, Oilseed, Tomato, Cumin, Isabgul, Castor, Papaya, Fruits & Vegetables.

• Export potentiality i.e. Cotton, Cumin, Onion, Garlic, Castor, Isabgul, Mango, Other fruits & vegetables , Flowers, Duram wheat, Processe maize etc.

• Corporate and contract farming.• Savings in Agriculture Sector Private Market, Terminal Market, E-bazaar.• IT network.• Public – Private Partnership, NGOs work.• Use of solar energy in agriculture, Benefit of normal resource.

Threats• Insufficient and irregular nature of rainfall.• Frequent draught.• Soil wearing down, reduction of Water Table, Salinity ingress / Sea Water

Ingress.• Market fluctuation.• Inadequate processing facilities. 

SWOT ANALYSIS OF MAHARASHTRA

Strength• Diversified climatic conditions suitable for growing the wide range of

crops, vegetables and fruit Agro.• district make available to other underground cities adjoining district,

where fresh produce and other agricultural products are shipping.• Increased soil water table due to soil conservation measures and water

efficient than assured conducted seasonal water availability.• Increased use of drip, sprinkler, micro irrigation system Assur more area

under irrigation.• Good telecommunications facilities available within the district.• Availability of crop loans through nationalized cooperative agricultural

community to adopt organic farming banks.Willingness.• existing Agriculture College, Vidyan Krishi Kendra and Gob. polyclinic

aid to farmers for new improved technology.

Weakness • The habit of farmers who stick to traditional farming methods therefore

use the least amount of seeds of plants that cause disease that affects the population and therefore productivity.

• The lack of adequate post-harvest management in the field of farmers.• What Crisis slows Labour farming operation.• Less use of agricultural machinery for planting, harvesting, and

between crop Opera.• The uncertainty of supply of electricity for water pumps operating.• Loans taken only crops for cash crops.• Instability in market prices. 

Opportunities• Increased awareness of good health are creating demand for organic

products.• Ability to increase area under vegetable crops.• Knowledge of materials that lead to good seed production program of seed

village.• Participation Improved integrated crop management (ICM) scope for

increasing crop productivity technology.

Threats• Natural calamity and the shortage of labor and decreased work efficiency

of farmers.• The use of agricultural appropriations for personal.• The volatility of market prices.

Comparative Analysis Between Niger, Maharashtra and Gujarat.

NIGER MAHARASHTRA GUJARAT