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Ch. 2Ch. 2Sec. 1 Forces in Earth’s CrustSec. 1 Forces in Earth’s Crust
stressstress• force that acts on rock to
change its shape or volume
3 typesof stress
shearing tension compression
pushes rock in
opposite directions
pulls on cruststretches rock so that it becomes
thinner in the middle
squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
YouTube video-Bill Nye Stress
3 typesof faults
strike-slip normal reverse
caused by shearing
caused bytension
caused bycompression
Demonstrating Compression WavesDemonstrating Compression Waves
• Materials: Slinky
2. Two students hold the Slinky at the 2 ends pulling & stretching it slightly.
4. One student pushes the Slinky, slowly watching the Compression wave as it rolls from one end of the Slinky to the other.
In a normal fault
hanging wall
footwall
hanging wall lies above / footwall lies below
Animation of a reverse fault
footwall
hanging wall
What kind of fault is this?strike-slip fault
San Andreas fault
Example of a strike-slip fault
fault-block mountain
• mountain formed when normal faults uplift a block of rock
Sierra-Nevada mountain range
- fault block mountain- fault block mountain
Mountains formed by folding
Folded Mountains
• fold=
bend in rock that forms when compression shortens & thickens part of Earth’s crust
aanticline nticline • fold in rock layers that forms an arch
syncline
• fold in rock layers that bends down to form a bowl
Anticline & syncline
Anticline & syncline
plateauplateau= large area of flat land elevated high above sea level
• The Colorado Plateau is a 150,000 square mile region covering parts of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.
syncline
• What is a fold in rock layers that bends down to form a bowl ?
syncline
syncline
fold
What is a bend in rock that forms when compression shortens & thickens part of Earth’s crust ?
A fold is a bend in rock that forms when compression shortens & thickens part of Earth’s crust.
A fold is a bend in rock that forms when compression shortens & thickens part of Earth’s crust.
fault-block mountain• What is a mountain formed when normal faults uplift a block of rock ?
Sierra-Nevada mountain range
aanticline nticline
• What is a fold in rock layers that forms an arch ?
• In a _____________ fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways.
• In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways.
What are the 3 types
of stress ?
shearing tension compression
• The 3 types of stress are shearing, tension and compression.
• The 3 types of stress are shearing, tension and compression.
tensiontensionWhat type of stress pulls on the
crust, stretching the rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle ?
B. shearingB. shearing
• What type of stress pushes rock in opposite directions?
A. tensionA. tension
What are the 3 types of faults?What are the 3 types of faults?
1. strike-slip2. normal3. reverse
What type of fault is caused by shearing?
A.A. Strike-slipStrike-slipB.B. NormalNormalC.C. ReverseReverseD.D. Fault-blockFault-block