Ch. 1 Ch. 1 Sec. 1 Earth’s Sec. 1 Earth’s

InteriorInterior

Canister Observations

1

2

3

Activity pg. 6 - How do Scientists Find Out What’s Inside Earth?

1.Without opening the canisters, what differences do you notice between them?

2.Apart from their appearance on the outside, are the canisters similar in any way?

3.How did you obtain this evidence?

1. direct evidence from rock samples

2. indirect evidence from seismic waves- earthquakes

geologists use 2 types of evidence to learn about Earth’s interior

3 main 3 main layerslayers

of Earth’s of Earth’s interiorinterior

crust mantlecore-

1. inner core 2. outer core

Layers of Earth

• The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor.

The Crust

crustcrust • layer of rock

• forms Earth’s outer skin

 

crustcrust • 2 types of crust:

1. oceanic crust

made of basalt- dark rock w/ fine texture

2. continental crust

made of granite- rock w/ light color & coarse texture 

• Earth’s mantle is made up of rock that is very hot, but solid. Scientists divide the mantle into layers based on the physical characteristics of those layers.

The Mantle

mantle mantle

• layer of hot solid rock

• from base of crust 3,000 km deep

2 parts of mantle: 2 parts of mantle:

1. lithosphere= rigid layer of uppermost part of

mantle & crust floats on top of 2. asthenosphere

soft layer that flows

corecore• 2 parts:

1. inner core- solid

2. outer core- liquid• currents in liquid

outer core force solid inner core to spin produces Earth’s magnetic field

made of iron & nickel

corecore

Creating Data Tables pg. 11

Depth Name of Layer

What Layer Is Made Of

20 km

150 km

2,000 km

4,000 km

6,000 km

How to make a model of the

1. In a Ziploc bag, combine 1/2 cup (1 bottle) of glue and 1/2 cup of warm water.

2. Add a few drops of food coloring to tint the mixture to the desired shade.

3. In a second Ziploc bag, combine 1 teaspoon of Borax and 1/2 cup of water. Mix thoroughly.

4. Pour the Borax mixture into the glue mixture. It will be very thick.

5. Knead slightly as the mixture starts to come together. ASTHENOSPHERE

-SOFT LAYER OF THE MANTLE ON WHICH THE LITHOSPHERE FLOATS

Edible EarthEdible Earth

• Write a description of Write a description of each layer of Earth.each layer of Earth.

Crust= graham crackersCrust= graham crackers

Mantle= black cherry JelloMantle= black cherry Jello

Outer core= peach JelloOuter core= peach Jello

Inner core= raspberry JelloInner core= raspberry Jello

Write a story about a journey to the center of Earth. Directions are on pg. 13 in your textbook.

• 1-2 written pages + 1 page with a picture• Have a beginning, middle and end to your story • You must include at least 3 facts for each main layer (composition, depth,

thickness, how the layers are separated into different layers,etc.)

Activity: Core of the Matter

• Build a 3-D model of the planets to depict the interiors of each. Punch a hole in a paper plate and spin it on a phonographic record player at 77 rpm. With different colored markers, draw the layers of the planet to correspond in scale to the planet’s interior. For example, for a simplified earth draw to scale a core, a mantle, and a crust. Repeat this on both sides of three plates. (On some turntables, an upside down plate will override the rotating section. To get a plate to spin upside down, first place a spare plate right-side-up on the player, then place the upside down plate on that.)

• Cut and combine the plates so the three of them intersect perpendicular to each other on an X-, a Y-, and a Z-axis. To do this, cut a slit halfway across two plates and intertwine them. Cut a third plate in half. On each half cut a slit from the cut edge (what was formerly the center of the plate) halfway outward. Cut partial slits on the combined plates to accommodate the two halves. Hang and shabang.