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สไลด์ประกอบการบรรยายวิชา น.๗๘๖ เรื่อง ระบบกฎหมายกับการเปรียบเทียบกฏหมาย
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ระบบกฎหมายกับการเปรียบเทียบกฎหมาย
ชาคริต สิทธิเวช
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ระบบกฎหมายที่สําคัญของโลก
ระบบกฎหมายสหภาพยุโรป
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ระบบกฎหมายที่สําคัญของโลก
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common law
civil law
religious law
socialist law
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an introduction
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civil law
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civil law
• Roman’s Corpus Juris Civilis
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civil law
• Roman’s Corpus Juris Civilis
• accessible & written collections
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civil law
• Roman’s Corpus Juris Civilis
• accessible & written collections
• codified statutes (Code of Hammurabi)
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civil law
• Roman’s Corpus Juris Civilis
• accessible & written collections
• codified statutes (Code of Hammurabi)
• not determined by judges
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civil law
• Roman’s Corpus Juris Civilis
• accessible & written collections
• codified statutes (Code of Hammurabi)
• not determined by judges
• created by legislature.
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civil law
• Roman’s Corpus Juris Civilis
• accessible & written collections
• codified statutes (Code of Hammurabi)
• not determined by judges
• created by legislature.
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civil law
• Roman’s Corpus Juris Civilis
• accessible & written collections
• codified statutes (Code of Hammurabi)
• not determined by judges
• created by legislature.
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common law
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common law
• decisions of courts (case law/precedent)
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common law
• decisions of courts (case law/precedent)
• complicated binding
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common law
• decisions of courts (case law/precedent)
• complicated binding
• evolves through gradual steps
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common law
• decisions of courts (case law/precedent)
• complicated binding
• evolves through gradual steps
• interpretation of statutes.
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religious law
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religious law• God
• reality
• knowledge
• codes of ethics & morality
• endorsed by the state
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religious law• God
• reality
• knowledge
• codes of ethics & morality
• endorsed by the state
• Hindu law
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religious law• God
• reality
• knowledge
• codes of ethics & morality
• endorsed by the state
• Hindu law
• Halakha
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religious law• God
• reality
• knowledge
• codes of ethics & morality
• endorsed by the state
• Hindu law
• Halakha
• Biblical law
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religious law• God
• reality
• knowledge
• codes of ethics & morality
• endorsed by the state
• Hindu law
• Halakha
• Biblical law
• Sharia.
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legal traditions
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•Chthonic legal tradition
legal traditions
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•Chthonic legal tradition
•Talmudic legal tradition
legal traditions
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•Chthonic legal tradition
•Talmudic legal tradition
•Islamic legal tradition
legal traditions
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•Chthonic legal tradition
•Talmudic legal tradition
•Islamic legal tradition
•civil law tradition.
legal traditions
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legal pluralism
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pluralistic systems
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pluralistic systems
•civil law and common law
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pluralistic systems
•civil law and common law
•civil law and religious law
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pluralistic systems
•civil law and common law
•civil law and religious law
•common law and religious law.
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socialist law
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socialist law• civil law system + Marxist-
Leninist ideology
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socialist law• civil law system + Marxist-
Leninist ideology
• Communist states
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socialist law• civil law system + Marxist-
Leninist ideology
• Communist states
• characteristics
• limited ruling classes
• no diversity of political views
• superiority of the Communist Party
• limited private property
• limited privacy
• limited intellectual property
• limited human rights
• limited adversary of judicial process.
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anarchy
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anarchy
•the absence of state
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anarchy
•the absence of state
•common sense?
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anarchy
•the absence of state
•common sense?
•freedom?
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Wikipedia: legal systems of the world <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Legal_systems_of_the_world>
Factbook list of legal systems <https://www.cia.gov/library/
publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html>
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ทําไมระบบกฎหมายต่าง ๆ จึงแตกต่างกัน
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ทําไมต้องเข้าใจระบบกฎหมายต่าง ๆ
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เห็นอะไรจากระบบกฎหมายที่แตกต่างกัน
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คําถาม?
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civil law
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• the nature
• the French
• the German
• the Chinese
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the nature
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• Roman law
the nature
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• Roman law
• written into a collection or code
the nature
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• Roman law
• written into a collection or code
• not determined by judges
the nature
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• Roman law
• written into a collection or code
• not determined by judges
• created by legislature:
the nature
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• Roman law
• written into a collection or code
• not determined by judges
• created by legislature:
• new & old statutes
the nature
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• Roman law
• written into a collection or code
• not determined by judges
• created by legislature:
• new & old statutes
• changes necessitated by court decisions
the nature
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• Roman law
• written into a collection or code
• not determined by judges
• created by legislature:
• new & old statutes
• changes necessitated by court decisions
• new statutory concepts.
the nature
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Legislation is the source of
law.22
The four subgroups
• French civil law: France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Canadian Quebec, US Louisiana, Italy, Spain & their colonies
• German civil law: Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Greece, Brazil, Portugal, Turkey, Japan, South Korea &Taiwan
• Scandinavian civil law: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway & Sweden
• Chinese law: China.
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law of France
• judicial law
• civil law (droit civil)
• criminal law (droit pénal)
• administrative law
• administrative law (droit administratif)
• constitutional law (droit constitutionnel).
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French case law
• Constitutional Council
• administrative jurisdictions: administrative courts, Commission des recours des réfugiés, Commission d'aide sociale, Section disciplinaire des ordres professionnels, Audit Offices, Regional Audit Offices, State Council & Court of jurisdictional issues.
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French environmental code http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=40
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law of Germany
• Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
• Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch or BGB): public law (Öffentliches Recht) & private law (Privatrecht)
• criminal law (Strafgesetzbuch).
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classical Chinese law
• Confucianism (儒家): human morality & wrong actions
• Legalism (法 家): political philosophy that upholds the rule of law
• China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan & Singapore
• fa (法): fair, straight & just
• yi (義): social rightness
• li (理): order
• li (禮): rites, rules of propriety
• zhi (制): control
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law = li(理)+ li(禮) + fa(法) + zhi(制)
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modern Chinese law
• Republic of China: Constitution, Civil Code, Code of Civil Procedures, Criminal Code, Code of Criminal Procedures & administrative law
• People’s Republic of China: socialist.
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rule of law: fǎzhì (法治)
• thin theory of rule of law:
• the law is supreme
• all citizens are equal
• thick theory of rule of law:
• + political, social, and economic concept.
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Administrative Permission Law +
Legislative Law=
better rule of law
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Nevertheless,
•National People’s Congress’s ineffectiveness
• ill-supremacy of the Constitution
• political pressure on the judiciary
• a high level of corruption
• inadequate legal professions.
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คําถาม?
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common law
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a common law tradition
the English common law tradition
the classification of English law
case law
the doctrine of judicial precedent
using cases
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a common law tradition
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the English common law tradition
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the classification of English law
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common law v statute law
common law v equity
common law v civil law
matters of fact v matters of law
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case law
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the doctrine of judicial precedent
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using cases
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คําถาม?
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socialist law
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the socialist concept of law
civil law and socialist systems
from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the Russian Federation
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the socialist concept of law
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socialist ideology
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Leninism
Marxism
socialist ideology
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Leninism
Marxism
civil lawcommon law
socialist ideology
48
Leninism
Marxism
civil lawcommon law
socialist ideology
capitalistbourgeoisimperialisticexploitative
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Leninism
Marxism
all law civil lawcommon law
socialist ideology
capitalistbourgeoisimperialisticexploitative
48
Leninism
Marxism
all lawinstrumentcivil law
common law
socialist ideology
capitalistbourgeoisimperialisticexploitative
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Leninism
Marxism
all lawinstrument
economic policy
social policycivil law
common law
socialist ideology
capitalistbourgeoisimperialisticexploitative
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ideal socialist society
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ideal socialist society
no legal system
49
ideal socialist society
no legal systemchaos
49
ideal socialist society
no legal system
slave-owning society
chaos
49
ideal socialist society
no legal system
slave-owning society
medieval feudalism
chaos
49
ideal socialist society
no legal system
slave-owning society
medieval feudalism
capitalism
chaos
49
ideal socialist society
no legal system
slave-owning society
medieval feudalism
capitalism
socialism
chaos
49
ideal socialist society
no legal system
slave-owning society
medieval feudalism
capitalism
socialism
classless society
chaos
49
ideal socialist society
no legal system
slave-owning society
medieval feudalism
capitalism
socialism
classless society
chaos
equality
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socialist concept of law
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socialist concept of law
private ownership
capitalism
inequality
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socialist concept of law
transformprivate
ownership
capitalism
inequality
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socialist concept of law
transformcommon
ownership
equality
private ownership
capitalism
inequality
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socialist concept of law
transformcommon
ownership
equality
private ownership
capitalism
inequality socialist property
personal property
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The Communist Party
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The Communist Party
only
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The Communist Party
only
plans
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The Communist Party
only
plans governs
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civil law and the socialist systems
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from the Union Socialist Republics
to the Russian Federation
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คําถาม?
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ระบบกฎหมายสหภาพยุโรป
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European Community
European Union
monism & dualism
the institutions
the influence
the nature
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European Community
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1957 Treaty of Rome
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1957 Treaty of RomeEuropean Community
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1957 Treaty of RomeEuropean Community 1992 Treaty of Maastricht
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1957 Treaty of RomeEuropean Community 1992 Treaty of MaastrichtEuropean Union
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European Union
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the three pillars
European Union
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the three pillars
European Union
European Community (EC)
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the three pillars
European Union
European Community (EC)
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
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the three pillars
European Union
European Community (EC)
Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
Police and Judicial Co-operation
(PJC)
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monism & dualism
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1986 Single European Act
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the institutions
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
decision-making
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
decision-making
European Council
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
European Commission
decision-making
European Council
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
European Commission
decision-making decision implementing
European Council
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
European Commission
European Parliament
decision-making decision implementing
European Council
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
European Commission
European Parliament
decision-making decision implementing
European Council
consultative & advisory
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the institutions
Council of Ministers
European Commission
European Parliament
European Court of Justice
decision-making decision implementing
European Council
consultative & advisory
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the influence
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the influence
French
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the influence
French
administrative law
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the influence
French German
administrative law
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the influence
French German
administrative law administrative law
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the influence
French German
common law
administrative law administrative law
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the nature
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direct applicability &direct effect
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supremacy of Community law
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คําถาม?
69
