Chapter 5 – Lesson 1

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Shale

Gypsum Gneiss

Rocks and Minerals

• Mineral -A solid, natural material made from nonliving substances in the ground

• Element – a pure substance than cannot be broken down into a simpler substance

Pyromorphite

Gold

Examples of Elements

CopperSilverIronAluminum

3 Features of Minerals

1. never alive

2. form in nature

3. solid material with a repeating pattern

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Common Minerals

QuartzFeldspar

Fluorite

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• ROCK – a solid object made naturally in Earth’s crust and contains one or more minerals

Types of Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic RocksIgneous Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks rock that forms from sediment

• Wind and water break down the earth• This is the process of weathering.

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• Layers are formed and build up• Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

• Bits of sediment settle in lakes and rivers• This is the process of Deposition.

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Fossils are found in sedimentary

rock.

Igneous Rocks – forms when lava or magma cools and hardens

• Fire Rocks

Metamorphic Rocksrocks that form when sedimentary and igneous

rocks change under pressure and heat

• Rocks that have changed• They were once igneous or

sedimentary• Pressure and heat changed the rocks

• Rock cycle – the changing of rocks over time from one type to another

Types of Igneous RocksGranite Scoria

Pumice Obsidian

Types of Sedimentary Rocks

Gypsum

Sandstone

Shale

Limestone

Conglomerate

Types of Metamorphic Rocks

Marble

Slate