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Greg Horowitt. Co-fundador y director de Global CONNECT de la Universidad de California
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An Eco-System for Innovation
San Diego:
“Go to where the puck is going, not where it has been.”
– Wayne Gretzky
San Diego’s High Tech History
1960 1970 1980 1990 2010
1955 - General Atomics
1956 - Scripps Clinic & Research Center
1960 - UCSD Founded
1963 - Salk Institute
1968 - Linkabit
1978 – Hybritech
1985 – UCSD CONNECT and Qualcomm Founded
1990-93 – 63,000 Jobs Lost 1995 – New
Boom
Series of Catalytic Events
VC Funding
“The great enemy of truth is very often not the
lie … but the myth.” John Fitzgerald Kennedy
The Truth About San Diego
• No master plan• A series of ‘happy accidents’ • UCSD had no Business School or resident Tech
Transfer when CONNECT began• Simultaneous growth of research infrastructure (Salk
Institute, Scripps Research Institute, etc)• A region blessed with research leadership and vision• Decisions were made in the 50’s which put into
place the foundation for the future of San Diego
San Diego’s Transformation over the past 25 years
• Replaced 100,000 jobs lost in defense with 150,000 in new companies – 2/3 high wage
• 30,000+ employment in biotech; 25,000+ in IT; 12,000 attorneys – when started/800
• Highest concentration of biotech in U.S.• 600+ life sciences companies
• The wireless communications capital • 525 companies in the region• Global brands: Qualcomm, Motorola, Nokia
• $1.3 billion research base; more than doubled• $1.2 billion venture capital; increase of 8-10 fold
Engineering School
Computer Center
Venture Capitalists
Intellectual Property Lawyers
Angel Investor
M&A Expertise
Corporate Investor Human Resources
Workforce Development Initiatives
Medical School
Entrepreneurial Training & Mentorship
Accounting & Financial
Business Plan ExpertiseReal Estate
Public Relations
Biotech FacilitiesSmall Business AcceleratorsBig Pharma Collaborations
Research Institute
Foreign Investors
Cancer Research Institute
Presentation Skills
Access to university researchers
Dept. of Defense
Economic Development Agency
Assistance for getting Government. GrantsBiotech Incubators
Wireless Research Center
Software Development Consulting
Trade Organizations
Money
Entrepreneurs
Talent
Ideas & Inventions
Culture, Societal Values, Role Models, Rule of Law
Access to Global Markets & Supply Chains
Business SupportServices
Real Estate &Business Infrastructure
News and Media Outlets
Government
Education & Workforce Development
Academia & ResearchTrade and IndustryOrganizations
Coaches & Mentors
It takes a village (or rather, an ecosystem)
Key Conditions for Developing a Technology Cluster
Research
TalentMoney
Innovation Intermediary
Industry
Clusters
Industry
Clusters
Industry
Clusters
The Importance of Networks and ‘Boundary Spanners’
They facilitate access and flow of intellectual, financial, and human capital in order to:– Address economic transition– Capture the benefit of investments in R&D and higher
education– Build entrepreneurial cultures– Create Jobs– Help existing industries modernize– Diversify economies and create sustainable and renewable
wealth– Develop regional and global innovation networks– They break down hierarchies and allow knowledge to flow
Plantation Rain Forest
Economic Process
What’s in the rainforest
• Research capabilities and capacity• Potential for excellence in one or more areas of science
• Integrative regional and community infrastructure • Research, business services, industry participation, government.
• Significant private sector engagement• Multiple and continuous collaborations and alliances• Engagement of leaders and champions of innovation who
are not always the usual suspects• Adaptive and flexible environment • Multiple forms of investment
• Time, money, contacts, pro-bono services, facilities, etc• Talent development
Knowledge is the Key to Innovation
Information
Data
KnowledgeCreation
Application
Transfer
Principles and Values of Successful Innovation Systems
• People are the most important asset• Knowledge and creativity are the critical resources for
innovation• Science and Technology innovations are global from ‘birth’• Shared definitions matter• Networks must be established which serve to breakdown
social and professional hierarchies and drive lateral learning / knowledge transfer • Relationships Trust Transaction
• Mistakes ≠ Failures• Attitude = ‘Community over Company’
Principles and Values of Successful Innovation Systems
• Must develop the ability to mobilize diverse competencies quickly and efficiently
• Must be able to harness the ‘collective intelligence’ (i.e. ‘Wisdom of Crowds’)
• You must teach in the manner that entrepreneurs ‘learn’
• Non linear
• Just in time
• Peer network driven
• Curious and Passionate
• Companies are built by teams, not by individuals (teach teams)
Principles and Values (continued)
• Focus on outcomes, not just outputs• Shared Risk and Rewards…sustainability comes from
creating a collective sense of ‘ownership’• The ‘Parking Lot’ principle• Commercialization is a ‘Body Contact’ sport
Scripps Institution ofOceanography
Salk Institute
UCSD Campus
Scripps Research Institute
Burnham Institute
Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Neurosciences Institute
La Jolla Bioengineering Institute La Jolla
Institute for Molecular Medicine
Human Biomolecular ResearchInstitute
Gene Research Institute
Genomics Instituteof Novartis Foundation
Stein Clinical Research Facility
Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute
Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International
Torrey Pines Institutefor Molecular Studies
Moores Cancer Center
Center for Molecular Medicine
UCSD School of Medicine
UCSD School of Pharmacy
San Diego Supercomputer
Center
La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology San
Diego BioResearch
Centers
San Diego
BioResearch Centers
Scripps Institution ofOceanography
Salk Institute
UCSD Campus
Scripps Research Institute
Burnham Institute
Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
Neurosciences Institute
La Jolla Bioengineering Institute La Jolla
Institute for Molecular Medicine
Human Biomolecular ResearchInstitute
Gene Research Institute
Genomics Instituteof Novartis Foundation
Stein Clinical Research Facility
Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute
Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International
Torrey Pines Institutefor Molecular Studies
Moores Cancer Center
Center for Molecular Medicine
UCSD School of Medicine
UCSD School of Pharmacy
San Diego Supercomputer
Center
La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology San
Diego BioResearch
Centers
San Diego
BioResearch Centers
La Jolla Mesa Zip Codes
4 Miles
28,867researcherswork within 4 mile radius
SD Total Research Base: 38,934
• 581 Life Science Companies have links to UC
• 1 in 4 Public Biotechs are within 35 miles of a UC Campus
• 1 in 6 Public Biotechs was founded by a UC scientists
• 1 in 3 California Biotechs was founded by UC scientists
Source: Industry-University Cooperative Research Program
The University of California is a key driver in California biotech
How it works
~ 1,500 companies > $10 billion in funding
• Founded in 1985 at UCSD as a ‘partnership of equals ‘ between • Entrepreneurs• Academia / Researchers• Industry• Government• Capital Providers• Business Services
• With the purpose of:• Commercialization of Research • Entrepreneurism education• Advocacy on behalf of innovation
A Brief History
San Diego’s ‘Incubator Without Walls’
• Facilitating the convergence of scientific invention, entrepreneurship, and smart capital
• Access to technology developments in all fields• Access to diverse forms of financing -- seed, angel, venture,
corporate, SBIR, grant/foundation• Business planning and market intelligence• Domain, business, and market expertise “know-how”
connecting to “know-who”• Lifelong education and training for professionals
Its Role in the Community
• An Independent, not for profit organization • A community resource dedicated to the creation, growth, and
sustainability of technology and life science businesses in the San Diego region
• Successfully harnessing and leveraging the best of San Diego’s talent, capital, and experience
• An honest, trusted, neutral broker of key relationships and access to resources for entrepreneurs
• An advocate addressing the unique issues facing entrepreneurs and SMEs
• ‘Community before company’
Numbers at a Glance
• 230+ Members• 16 Staff • 30 Programs• 150 EIRs; 200 Domain Experts• >1800 Volunteers• 330 Events• 15,000 Attendees• $3M budget
• Research Institution Support
• Business Creation and Development
• Entrepreneurial Learning
• Access to Capital
• Public Policy Advocacy
• Awards, Recognition, and Networking
Focus Areas
Assisting San Diego’s research institutions in promoting discoveries, recruiting and retaining key faculty, and accelerating innovation
Research Institution Support
• Frontiers in Science & Technology
• La Jolla Research & Innovation Summit
• Tech Transfer Roundtable• Regional IP / Seed Loan Program (i.e. – von Liebig Center)
• La Jolla Conference on Innovation Support for National Security
• CONNECT-assist (Development/Attraction/Growth)• Faculty Recruitment• Spousal Employment • New Research Institutions
Direct assistance in early stage discovery and technology transfer; formation and financing of local innovation in key industry clusters
Business Creation and Development
• Springboard
• Entrepreneurs in Residence
• Early Business Assessment• San Diego Innovation Report
• Cluster Incubation• Wireless-Life Sciences Alliance• Sports Innovators • Contract Services Organizations • Cyber Security • Advanced Autonomous Robotics Coming Soon
Results After Mentoring
70% received funding
$80M / year of economic
impact
$120Mcapitalraised
100% more talent hired
Accelerating the learning curve of innovators in the San Diego region
Entrepreneurial Learning
• FrameWorks Workshops
• CEO Strategy Forum
• MIT Enterprise Forum
• Workforce Development/ STEM:• CONNECT Young Innovators Program• San Diego Science Festival Participant
Outreach to key business groups, policy makers, and legislators regarding the systematic barriers facing innovators in successfully commercializing discoveries
Public Policy
• Policy Committee• State – Business Climate/Higher Education/Legislator Support • Local – Infrastructure and Workforce Development• Federal Innovation Support
• Washington Advocacy Initiative (In process)• Public Policy Forum
• Seminars, Conferences, Summits, on innovation-related policy issues• Early stage investment incentives policy
Global CONNECT• A Global Think Tank focused on Innovation Systems and their
applications to regional economic development• A research practice engaged in the assessment,
benchmarking, and comparative analysis of regional capabilities and capacity
• A consulting firm with applied expertise in program development, process engineering, economic development strategy, and policy
• A global workforce education delivery platform • Hands-On Management of Global Partnering programs
designed to link researchers and enterprise to critical global resources through ‘hub and spoke’ soft landing pads, and extended social and professional networks
• ‘A network of networks’, currently numbering 50+ programs in more than 20 countries
The Global CONNECT Network• USA
– Boston– Washington– New York – New Mexico– Midwest (Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan)– Orange County, California– Los Angeles
• Canada– Toronto– Quebec– British Columbia
• Asia– Japan– Singapore– Korea– Taiwan – Malaysia – India
• Europe– England– Northern Ireland– Sweden– Scotland – Denmark – Estonia– Finland– Latvia– Germany
• Russia• Middle East
– Jordan– Israel
• Oceania– Australia– New Zealand
• Latin America– Colombia– Mexico
Innovation Today
• Innovation has become geographically agnostic
• What is driving this?
• The world wide web…information on demand
• Highly mobile and skilled workforce
• Evolution of social networks
• Cross disciplinary science
• Global research and commercialization alliances
• Acknowledgement of serendipity playing a role in success
The Future of Enterprise Creation
• The world is not flat….yet• Culture, Trust, and Integration as drivers• Emergence of the ‘micro-multinational’ and early bifurcation of business
processes• Single innovations will not be enterprise sustaining, and therefore will
lead to…• Increased bundling and convergence of innovation• Focus on cross disciplinary efforts• Embedded observation• People are the ultimate ‘technology transfer’• Companies relying more on ‘open innovation’• Businesses based upon intellectual assets vs. physical assets• Fierce competition for resources, particularly knowledge workers• Business Process Outsourcing Knowledge Process Outsourcing
Challenges in the Implementation of Regional Innovation Systems
• Why You?….Why Now?....and Why Bother?• ‘Layering’ regional collaboration activities upon existing
infrastructure• What is the role of government?• What feedback loops (client, supporter, stakeholder) do you
build into your system?• What is the appropriate model for funding?• How do you create a sense of urgency?• How do you start the process that allows the region to grow
into our destiny, rather than build it upon decades old models?
• What is the appropriate interface between technology transfer and technology commercialization
“While we associate economic growth with technological development,
organizational innovation has played an equal, if not more important role since
the beginning of the industrial revolution.”
Economic historians Douglass North and Robert Thomas (P47 of “Trust”)