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full detail of 2G, 3G & 4G spectrum
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2G & 3G spectrum
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22G Spectrum
2G means “Second-Generation wireless telephone technology.
2G spectrum was the revolutionary technology in their time. It comes with some more benefits.
1. SMS facility was first started with network.2. Safe for the use , means security level was high.3. Environmental conditions was very good for this network &
no network shortage was there. 2G Spectrum technology was first launched in 1991 in Finland only in the GSM mobile.
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2G Spectrum scandal
04/11/23
• The 2G spectrum scan involved official and minister in the government of India illegally under charging mobile telephony company for frequency allocation licenses.• one of the main person behind the India’s largest corporate fraud. Who is A. Raja . Is an Indian politician from the political party• he become cabinet minister for communication and information technology.
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Charges on former telecom minister A Raja
04/11/23
Cheap telecom licenses.Entry fee for spectrum licenses in 2008 pegged at 2001 prices
mobile subscriber base had shot up to 350 million in 2008 from 4 million in 2001.
No procedures followed.• rules changes after the game gad begun.• Cut-off date for applications advanced by week.• License issued on a first come first served basis.• No proper auction process followed, no bids invited.• Raja ignored advice of TRAI, law ministry, finance ministry.
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Persons/corporate involved in 2G spectrum scam
04/11/23
Persons• Nira Radia.• M.Karunaidhi.• A Raja (Telecom minister).• Arun Jaitley• Barkha dutt (Journalist)• Arun Shourie• Pramod Mahajan.
Corporate• Videocon telecommunications ltd.• Reliance communications.• Tata communications.• Vodafone Essar.
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Steps taken by Government after scam
• Set up a special branch of CBI to look into the matter.• Telecom minister resigns his post after scan.• A Raja also arrested by the police.• CBI is also interacting with brothers of A Raja and also business men.
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33G Spectrum
The Third Generation of Telecommunication hardware standards and general technology for mobile networking, superseding 2.5G
3G networks enable network operators to offer users services like wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment
Provides data rates up to 14.4 Mbps on the downlink and 5.8 Mbps on the uplink.
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Objectives
• Higher spectral efficiency and overall cost improvement by utilizing advanced technologies
• Achieving significantly higher transmission speed capability, encompassing circuit- and packet-switched networks as well as support of multimedia services.
04/11/23
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Why 3G?Limitations of 2G
Voice centric Designed mainly for telephony application Circuit-switched High BER (Bit Error Rate) Low data bit rate (< 14.4kbps)
Too many standards globally GSM, CDMA, PDC, PHS etc.
Isolated networks MAP based IS-41 based Difficult to roam between these networks
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Features of 3G Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!
For the consumer Video streaming, TV broadcast Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…
For business High speed teleworking / VPN access Sales force automation Video conferencing Real-time financial information
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Challenges of 3G UMTS is a multi-service network, GSM experience is not enough.
UMTS is an immature network technology, Continuous change is a fact.
Up gradation from 2G network.
Monitoring peer-to-peer.
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Issues related to 3G Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses & agreements
Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators
Expense of 3G phones
Lack of coverage, because it is still a new service
Current lack of user need for 3G voice and data services in a hand-held device
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44G Spectrum
Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology.
It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and multimedia can be given to user on anytime, anywhere basis
It includes several type of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system.
It will provide seamless mobility and internet access at a rate of 100 Mbps.
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Features of 4G technology
• High internet speed.• Tight network security.• Support for previous wireless technologies.• Support for multimedia service like teleconferencing and wireless
internet.• Entirely packet switched network.
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Application
• In traffic control• Location application.• Telemedicine.• In crisis management application.
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