Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
English Graded Readers Mega Collection (2nd Supplement)
Citation preview
MachinesThen and NowRobert Quinn
Read and discover all about machines inthe past and today .... When did people invent the wheel?. What is a nanobot?
Read and discover more about the wortd!This series of non-fiction readers providesinterest ing and educat ionaI content, wi thactivit ies and project work.
Series Editor: HazeI Geatches' i 'Audio CD Pack avai lable
wo|d eoum,toi.thit rcr&ia'&s ::,i].l-*,ve[ S{ilifi h*xrlwi:riir
/ W) |#nt f-,,,,
EVrA I i.r1\7
@Covcr photoqr. iph: Cr)rbi \ iminr,rr l BLrcket Wheel [xcavalor. lPatr ick Pleui . , 'dp,r
{-s}v*[ 5!00 l reldw*r lJ ' ,
Level 61,050 headworcls
---
oxFoRI) l ,Nr, l l l l l
ISBN 978 o l r | ' l r r ' l t r : '=
, l|[ llllllltlllll lllll xlll
Then and NowRobert Quinn
lntroduction1 The First Machines 42 Round and Round 63 Ramps and Cranes 84 Water and Wind 10
5 Tetting the Time L2
6 Engines and Energy L47 Ftying Machines 16
8 Communications 18
9 Computers 20
10 Big and Sma[[ 22Activities 24
Projects 44Picture Dictionary 46About Read and Discover 48
R*TP*R
( )x l . ' ( )t< l)l Nl \ | [ \ t l \ I t l \ \
( ) \ l ( ) r r l ( )x2 6Dr
( ) \ l or1 l I l r i l \ r ' t \ l t y l ' r r ' \s t \ l t ( le l) i t r t l ) tc l l t of t l tc Universi tyo! ( ) \ l ( ) [ l . l t l I r l lx ls t l l ( . l lntv(. t \ i ty 's l ) l ) jc i t ive of excel lencelr) resclrr( l ) , \ ( l t r ) l . t r ' \ l ) l l ) . . i l t ( l e( l l r f : l t i ( )D by I)ubl iShingworl( lwi( l ( . i r )
Oxl i rrc l Ncw Yol l<
Auckhnd Cipc l t )wtr l ) i t r e s Srlunr Hong Kong KarachiKuala Lu|rpur Mtdl id Mcl l )ol l i l lc MexicoCity NairobiNcwDelhi Shanghai la ipei l i ) ronto
Wilh off ices in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic FranceGreccc Cultemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland PortugalSingrpore SouthKorea Switzer land Thai land TurkeyIJkr i l inc Vietuam
()xt,oRD xnd oxt,oRD EN(;t . IsH are rcgistered trade marksof Oxl i rr t l [Jniversi ty Press in the UK al)d in certain othercoLl l l r ics
o Oxford LJniv(,rs i ty Pr( 'ss zolo
The moral r ights ol ' t l tc author l tave been i lsserted
Drtabase r ight Oxford UDiversi ty Press (ruaker)
First publ ishcd 2o1ozo11 2073 2072 2Ot1 2O1O109a765432
No unauthorized photocopying
All rights reserved. No prrt ofthis publication Dtay bereproduced, stored in .r retrieval system, or trilnsmitted,in any fonn or by any means, without the prior permissionin witing ofOxford University Press, or as cxpresslypemritted by law or under teuns agreed with the appropriatereprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerningreproduction outside the scope of thc above should be sentto the ILI Rights Department, Oxford University Press, att l re lddress above
You nust Dot circulate this book iD any other biDding orcovc.r and yoLl must impose this same condition on anyelcquirer
Al)y w!'bsites referred to in this publication are in thepublic dornain and their addresses are provided by OxfordUniversity Press for informarion only. Oxford UniversityPrcss disclaims any responsibi l i ty for the content
rsBN:978 o 19 464437 2
An Audio CD Pack contriniDg this book and a CD is also availablefsBN: 978 o 19 464477 8
The CD has a choice ofAmerican and Bri t ish Engl ishrecordings ofthe complete text.
n n acconpanying Act iv i ty Book is also avai lablersBN:978 o 19 46411j l
Pr inted in China
ACKNOWLEDCEM!NTS
l i iuslrdr ions by: Mark Dul i ]n pp3 (coDrpul( ' r ) , 6. 7. 2 l , 34, 40;Roger at KJA Aft ists pp3, 4, 5, 8. 9. 24: Alan Rowc pp24, 26, 28,30.32,36,46.47: Cary Swif t p15.
11k, pxblishcl' rvoli(i likc to thLtnk tltc fLillov,itl{.fbr tfuir kinLl pemissiotLo reylrdlac phlttngrophs on(l othcr npyight ndlcndi: Alamy hnagcspp3 (Alaml clock/studiomode), 9 (Conrainer teminal, Germany/bl ickwinkel) . 13 {Alarm clock/studiomode), 22 (Bucket wheelexcavator/ l i lonl ine digi tale Bi ldagenrur cnbH), 42 (Buckerwheel excavator/ l ; lonl ine digi tale Bi ldageDtur GmbH); Corbisppl6 (Lincoln Beachey Airship/H. Amrstrong Roberts), 20 (Manworking with early contpuler/Jeuy Cooke), p23 lDenso ur icro-car 1995 nrodelIIWPhoto); p42 (Denso nicro-car 1 995 model/TwPhoto): Cetty hnrgcs pp3 (Corporatc jct/Paul llowen). 8(Ciza pyramids/James L. Stanf ic ld), l0 (Clade Creek Crist Mi l l ,USA/Ron and Patty lhomas), 17 (Corporatejer/Paul Bowcn), t8(Portrble tc levision 1949); Hemen Tcchnologies Inc. pptS (OldfashioDed telephone), 18 (Old fashioned radid; iStockphorop11 (Windturbincs in wind f i rm/BdanJackson); Mirrorpixp14 (Stean train); OUP pp7 (LondoD lye/ lmage Sourcc). 13(clock detai l /Design Pics): PA Photos pplT (World's Sn)al lesrHel icopter/Lorenzo calassi /AP), 19 (Sony 0.3 miUinrerer displry/AP); I 'hotol ibrary pp3 (Electr ic cars (harging/Shmuel ' Ihaler).
9 (Parthenon, Athens, Greece/Goodsltoot), 12 (Sundial/tTheIr ish lmage Col lect ion), p13 (Brass gears from a pocket watch/Corbis); 15 (Elcctric cars charging/Shmuel Thaler): RobcrrHarding World Imagery p11 (Tharched windmill/Pete r Scholc'y):Science Photo Library p23 (Nanorobot in the bloodstrcaD/Christian Darkin).
ilnffiodweffii@mMachines make our l ives easier. We use themto do work, to travet, to communicate, andto have fun. Some machines are simple, withonly one or two parts. Other machines arecomplex, with many parts that work together.
What are the machines betow called?What do we do with these machines?Which of these machines do you use?What other machines do you use?
Ih is book is pr inted on papcr f tont (L 'r l i f ied atrd wel l -managed sources
Now read and discover more about machines!
) 's
Thxeffiffimadhffimwl)coplc invcnted the first machines a long
tinrc ago. ' l 'hcy were simple tools made of
stoncl wood, or bone.
*wur @
About two million years ago people madestone axes with wooden handles. They usedthese tools to cut wood. People also usedstone and animal bone to make knives andarrows. To shoot their arrows they usedbows made with long pieces of wood.
People used simple levers to move heavyobjects like rocks. They put one end of along stick of wood under a big rock, andthey put a small rock under the stick. $7henthey pushed on the other end of the stick,the big rock moved.
,.. \, "'::::''I FaL;". jA'*r"l
iF 4."d.' , !41: ',
; - '1 i""
!i. h;
*
r"lflfl"'.
' ) " : ' "
L2P'
About 7,000 years ago people started
farming for food. They invented new
machines, like plows, and used animals to
make work easier. Some farmers used long
levers to get water from rivers. They also
built canals to get water for their plants.
About 5,000 years ago people started
making metal tools. These tools were
better than stone or bone tools.
) Go to pages 24-25 for activities.
Roundond m
The wheel is one of the most important
inventions in history. About 51500 years agopotters used the first wheels to make claypots. They put wet clay on a wooden wheel.
Then they turned the wheel to make a nice
round pot.
Before people had wheels to move heavy
objects, they used rollers. The rollers weremade from tree trunks. Then people made
carts and chariots with wooden wheels.
They connected the wheels with a long barcalled an axle.
Todav there are lots of machines with
wheels. W'e can see wheels on
cars) bicycles, and skateboards.
There are also wheelchairs
for people who can't walk
easily. Can you think of
more machines that
have wheels?
The London Eye is a very big whei
lmmmrcondffir,mffiilffi
Ramps are useful because they help us liftobjects more easily. More than 51000 yearsago the Ancient Egyptians used ramps tobuild pyramids. The Great Pyramid at Gizais the biggest pyramid in the world. It's138 meters high.
The Egyptians used rollers ro move largeblocks of stone up the ramps. They neededlots of workers because the blocks werevery hear,ry.
About 21500 years ago the Ancient Greeks
used big cranes to build temples. The cranes
were made of wood, and they had many
ropes and little wheels called pulleys. F'irst
the workers tied a rope to a block of stone.
Then they put the rope around the pulley.
They pulled the rope and lifted the block.
The work was easier with cranes. so the
Greeks didn't need as
many workers as
the Egyptians.
We use cranes today to tiftvery heavy objects. The biggesttype of crane is the gantry cra
) Go to pages 28-29 for activities.
War,&effiamdWffindSomc machines use energy from nature.$Tatermills use energy from flowing water.Thousands of years ago people builtwatermills next to rivers. They used thewatermills to make flour from grain. Thenthey used the flour to make bread andcakes. \Watermills have a big wheel on theoutside. The river turns the wheel. Then thewheel turns an axle inside the watermill.
The axle turns a round millstonethat breaks the grain into flour.
Windmills use energy
li'orn the wind. Hundreds
ol'years ago people started
rrsing windmills to make flour.
Windmills have long arms with
lrig sails. The wind pushes the sails
rurcl turns the arms. Inside the mill,
rur axle turns a millstone. Windmills
rrrc useful in places that don't have
Irig rivers, but they only work
whcn it's windy!
Today we use windmi[[sto make electricity. Modernwindmi[[s are ca[[ed windturbines.
i *{u-"1r
I
In the past, people told the time in manyways. Thousands of years ago people usedsundials. Sundials had a pointer thar madea shadow to tell the time. A sundial onlyworked on sunny days!
Somc people also used water clocks. Simplewatcr clocks had two pots. \Water flowedfiom the top por ro the bottom pot to tellthc time. Later, people used sand clocks.These clocks had two glass bubbles withsand inside them.
About 11000 years ago people invented
mechanical clocks with metal gears. Some
mechanical clocks have a pendulum to
move the parts. Others have metal springs.
Today many clocks are digital. They show
the time with only numbers. Digital clocks
work with electricity. They usually have
electrical cords or
batteries. Computers
and cell phones have
digital clocks, and
many people wear
digital watches.
* Go to pages 32-33 for activities. W'l
*bnd
For thousands of years people used animalsto do work. Then inventors built steam
engines. These engines heated water tomake steam. The energy from the steammade other machines work. The first steamengines usually used fuels like wood, coal,or oil.
People used steam engines to power
vehicles like trains and boats. Manyfactories used steam engines to power
their machines. This was the beginningof modern industrv.
Then people invented new engines that
used fuels like oil, gasoline, and diesel.
Now we use these engines for vehicles like
cars, buses, planes, or helicopters. They can
carry enough fuel to travel long distances.
Today most vehicles use gasoline or diesel
as fuel. Some vehicles use biodiesel made
from plant materials. There are also electric
cars that use energy from batteries. Some
vehicles, like bicycles, use human energy!
Etectric cars are good forthe environment. They don'tproduce smoke or pottution.
* Go ts pages 34-35 for activities.
ffimgMoehffinesTirday we can fly all over the world, but200 years ago planes didn't exist. Somepcople flew in hot-air balloons. Theseballoons had no engines so they wereslow and hard to control.
r_.1Later, people invented airships. They hadengines and propellers, so they were fasterand easier to control.
In 1903 \(rilbur and Orville rU(rright inventedthe first plane. It was made of wood andcarried one person. The first flight onlylasted for 12 seconds! Four years later aFrench inventor named Paul Comu flewone of the first helicopters. He stayed in theair for about 20 seconds.
Today there are many types of plane.
Some planes have propellers and others
have jet engines. Some planes carry freight
and others carry passengers. Some modern
planes carry more than 850 passengers!
Helicopters are very useful.
They can transport food and
medicine in emergencies.
They can also rescue people
and take them to hospital.
helicopter in the world. ltcarries one person!
I Go to pages 36-37 for activities.
clomm@mflcaffi@ffiIror a long time, people sent messages onpaper. Then people invented new machinesto communicate more quickly and easily.
In 1876 Alexander Graham Bellinvented the telephone. Ittransmitted sounds through wires.
In 1895 Guglielmo Marconiinvented the radio. It transmittedsounds with no wires.
In 1926 John Logie Baird inventeda way to transmit images and showthem on a screen. It was the firsttelevision, but it only showed blackand white images. Then l8 yearslater, inventors made a televisionthat showed images in color.
Communications today are very different.\tr(le talk on cell phones that transmit sounds
with no wires. W'e can send text messages,
photos, and videos. Many cell phones are
also music players, and they can connect to
the Internet!
lUTith modern televisions, we can receive
programs by satellite. $7e can also watch
DVDs. Some televisions are very big. There
is a television in Japan that is I I meters tall
and 66 meters long!
Some modern tetevisions canbe almost as thin as paper!
* Go to pages 38-39 for activities.
CmmnpueetrsPeople invented the first computers morethan 60 years ago. Those computers werevery different from computers today.
One of the first computers was calledEI{IAC.II was built in about 1946. ENIACwas big and heavy. It weighed about30 metric tons! It was also expensive - itcost about 500,000 dollars!
Over the next 40 years computers becamesmaller and cheaper. From about 1980people started using computers at home.Then in 1989 Tim Berners-Lee inventedthe \7orld $7ide'Web. or the S7eb.
Computers today are very useful.You see
images on a monitor and you use a keyboard
to type words.You use a mouse to move the
cursor and click on buttons. To connect to
the Internet you use a modem.
Modern computers also have speakers so
you can listen to music or watch movies.
You need a printer to print documents, and
to play computer games you need a joystick.
\(rhat other things can computers do?
* Go to pages 40-41for activities.
\\L\
With modern technologyr we can buildmachines that are very big or very small.
The cruise ship Oasis of the Seas is one ofthe world's largest passenger vehicles. It's65 meters high and 360 merers long. Itcarries 51400 passengers. It has restaurants,shops, cinemas, and three swimming pools!
The Bagger 288 is a mining machine.
The DEI/SO Micro-Car is one of the world's
smallest machines. It's about 4.8 millimeters
long and 1.7 millimeters high. It's smaller
than a finger! The car can move, but its top
speed is only 180 meters per hour. In the
future people will use micro-machines like
this to repair other machines from the inside.
Scientists want to buitdmicro-machines calted nanobots.We wil.l need a microscopdtosee them! Doctors will ucet,, ;
:i:HHfl,',''jJ:Sln- il
It's 96 meters high and240 meters long. It's
one of the world's
heaviest land vehicles.It weighs 13,500
metric tons!
work inside their
& Go to pages 42-43 for activities.
Wrhffi First Machfimms
f f i \ / $X Complete the sentences.
4
5
6
1 The axe is made of
2 The knife is made of
3 The lever is made of
4 The plow is made of
5 The arrow is made of
6 The bow is made of
et***= *r":d w**d
t Read pages 4-5.
Write the words.
1 mtnrnm
stofie wood bone metal
3
3 Comptete the sentences.
tools levers #ines ptows wood farming
1 Peopl.e started using mac.hinss about two mi[[ionyears ago.
2 They used long pieces of
3 People startedyears ago.
for food about 7,000
They invented farming machines [ike
Some farmers used to get water.
aboutPeople started making metal5,000 years ago.
4 Answer the questions.
1 What did peop[e use to shoot arrows?
Fe*ple- **$d Ll*w* t* *h**t arrsu*.
2 What did peopte build to get water for their plants?
3 How did people move heavy objects l ike rocks?
to make levers.
4 When did people start making metal toots?
Wffiound amd Rmmnd Write true or false.1 People used the first wheel about
2,000 years ago.
2 Peopte made ro[[ers from tree trunks.
3 Cars usually have wheels and axtes.
4 The first wheets were made of metal.
5 The London Eye is 153 meters high.
falee$ Read pages 6-7.
$ Write the words.
ax[e cart ctay potrollers wheel car
4 Write the words.
hvt
ce
ci
X Match. Then write sentences.
be
t
oW
h
cvPeople used rol[ers --='An axle is a barPotters used whee[sThe London EyeCarts and chariots
is a very big wheel.-*to move heavy objects.
are vehicles with wheels.that connects two wheels.to make ctay pots.
vahicla
i te l .Ir -
4
hc
ea r c
52
ab
re
1
2
3
4
5
a d k
tso
r" t t
o
H# ffiamps
& Read pages 8-9.
E*rd Cranes 3 Answer the questions.
1 What do ramps hetp us to do?
2 Why did the Egyptians need many workers?
3 How did the workers move the blocks up the ramps?
4 Where is the biggest pyramid in Egypt?
5 How high is the biggest pyramid?
Complete the puzzte.The Greeks (1)_ cranes to buitd their temples. The workers Q)_the ropes to blocks of stone. Then they (3)- the ropes around thepu[[eys. The workers (4)- the btocks when they (5)- the ropes.The Greeks (6)- workers, but not as many as the Egyptians.
zt**" "t
:?Y*-* . , - . . . ,J
Iu:' l i
ld. , . , f . - . . ._. . . . I . .
"-"- ' - lI
s* i
6>1
Write the words.
btock crane puttey ramp rope tempte
w@
tr Complete the sentences.
btocks cranes putteys ramps ropes workers
1 The Egyptians used to buitd pyramids.2 The - of stone were very large and heavy.3 The Egyptians needed rotters and many --.4 The Greeks used big _ made of wood.5 The Greeks had cranes with many ropes and _.6 The workers putted the _ and tifted the btocks.
i ' : l - ' l l : ] .1r ' . i : . : : :
2
!, ->
r t'" ' ' :
i l
ul I-,-. i -
,.
I
A.I
i - - tv i i
- l ' -1.
4i
T - s'$?4:.tt,:,
WWm&mr ffimd W#wxdl Read pages 10-11.
i Write the words.arm axtemiltstone
wheeI
river saiIwatermiI
windmi[[
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3 Complete the sentences.
arms axle grain floursai[s water whee[ wind
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Watermit ts can make grain into
Watermilts use energy from flowing
A watermitt has a large on the outside.
The wheel turns an inside the watermi[ [ .
Windmil ts use energy from the
A windmitt has long arms with big
The turn when the wind pushes the sai ts.
A mitlstone breaks the
Complete the puzzle. Write the secret word.1 A watermitt - a whee[. 4 The miltstone - the grain.
2 A windmit l - when i t 's windy. 5 The wind - a windmil l 's sai ls.
Write true or false.
1 People use watermi[[s to make bread.
2 Windmil ls only work when i t 's windy.
3 Watermi[[s don't use energy from nature.
4 We can use windmi[[s to produce electricity.
5 Watermitls are usefu[ in places with no rivers.
6 Peopte used windmitts thousands of years ago.
3 The wheel _ a big axle.
r-*-- T'-" "-r i1-- ; $r | , r * ri i - ' r " - i - l iz-1 i I i I ir- --r r-i--- 1-
- I
' * l I i i i ri - - i 1-* :*- i i4'* i i i i i iI ' l - ""*- i " " - - i - - l i -
s-- , i ' :- I 1,-*-: i 1 ,
i i - - i lThe secret word t, [" :]-; I -
W{" #e{m \W-Y: ' ffiffiW#wreffis ffised ffimffitrWW
Read pages 14-15.
Write the words.
biodiesel boat bus car coal diesel oiIgaso[ine heticopter ptane train wood
Order the words. Then write true or false.
I long / can / Buses / distances. / travel
Fu*sr *a* travel t**q dietar:*ee.
2 many / use / Today / wood. / vehicles
3 cars / from / use / Etectric / batteries. / energy
4 and / human / Trains / energy. / use / ptanes
5 from / made / is / materiats. / Biodieset / plant
Answer the questions.
L What fuels do most vehicles use today?
2 What vehicles don't produce smoke or pol[ution?
3 What types of vehicles use human energy?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
t2
l
i l
J :
ffi
4 What types of vehicles do you normatty use?
6 Teltins theTirne{* Read pages 12-13.
I Write the words.digitat clock sand clock
mechanicalctock sundialwater clock
glass bubbles watersand springs sun
Write true or false.
1 A sundial 's pointer makes a shadowto tetl the time.
2 Sand clocks had glass bubbles withwater in them.
On a digi tat ctock we can see thet ime in numbers.
Most ce[[ phones and computershave clocks in them.
ln water ctocks the water flows fromthe bottom to the top.
At[ mechanicaI clocks have gearsand a pendulum.
Find and write the words.1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
r lur t i ; l lComplete the chart.
batteries gears potsffitfm pointer
pendutum I
j :?: g a t iV b S a n d t k
S a r u t W o m
p t e S t m W e
r t b u b t k c
I e m n u r c h
n r u d b n o a
g I n I b h t n
o e X a t c c i
p 5 a t e t s c
s c v I p a z a
S h a d o W q t
WWWy#ffi$W &%mek*mwm;iii Read pages t6-tz.
i Write the words.
tr Match. Then write
Hot-air balloonsHelicopters canSome planes havePlanes didn' t
sentences.
powerfuI jet engines.exist 200 years ago.be useful in emergencies.are slow and hard to controt.
airship helicopter planejet engine propeller
hot-air batloon
3 Write true or false.
1 Orvi [ [e and Wilbur Wright inventedthe first jet ptane.
2 The first p[ane ft ight in history was12 seconds [ong.
3 Paul Comu ftew one of the world'sfirst helicopters in 1903.
4 Comu's hel icopter f loated in the airfor about 20 minutes.
5 The world's f irst plane onty carriedone person at a t ime.
4 Complete the puzzle. Write the secret word.Some types of ptanes only carry _.Some planes have _ to make them f[y.A hot-air ba[[oon can fly but it doesn't have an _Some big planes can carry 850 _.Helicopters can take peopte to _.The GEN H-4 _ can carry one person.
1
2
3
4
rum
W ffiwmffixwmicatlom$S. Read pages 18-19.
,$" Complete the sentences.
radios telephones televisions sate[[ites soundsce[[ phones images messages programs wires
L otd
2 Otd
transmitted
showed black and white
3 can transmit sounds with no
4 Modern
5 Now
can send text
transmit lots of television
3" Match. Then write sentences.
3 Find and write the words.
o w d ys g u@sbph r:ta o n o r,t'lree n
me:**Qc s ti 5 e rfl *ffi qlr*#i**s* u n d g * [i n"r a $ *
a\111 r a i"r 1. ll 1 ! r { i r t vprr fnsa tcl[\te cf p r0 g rf, fi rn
60mmunicale
Answer the questions.
1 How many tetevisions are there in your home?
2 How many people in your famity have a ce[[ phone?
3 What programs do you watch on tetevision?
4 How often do you watch movies on DVD?
John Logie BairdGug[ielmo MarconiInventors
the telephonethe first televisionthe radio
through wires.
in 1895in 1944in 1876in 1926Atexander Graham Be[[ the color television
1
2
3
4
q+:{:i@witw:q+rystri!t&1j{1tr1}ry*ryqqry$tf iffiq4s9slry.&w.. i i l . . : i . l j ] l . i t t : : *a!11i : i tF. ] ! : : i *n i : :* l1] ! : . . j ; :+!=: : i : . r ;=: !+i !*n '++]:$f i : !€ i : i : !+J*:1$i i { . ] |1 l ] :5,4Jr9i ! jq$i i |efJ!P'1g1iq
ffwffiWw&wwmq:" Read pages 20-2L
$ Write the words.cursor joystick keyboardmodem monitor mouse
printer speaker headphones
play games type words use the Internet watch moviesclick on buttons print documents l isten to music
You can on the monitor.
You use a printer to
You need a joystick to
You with the keyboard.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
w
1
2
3
4
5 You use a
6 You need
7 You can
mouse to
a modemto
if you have speakers.
Circle the correct words.
1 The first computers were very big / smatt and heavy.
2 The ENIAC computer weighed 3 / 30 metric tons.
3 The EN/AC computer was very cheap / expensive.
4 From 1960 / L980 peopte used home computers.
5 The Web / modem was invented in 1989.
&, Answer the questions.
t When was the ENIAC computer bui l t?
2 How much did the ENIAC computer cost?
3 What did Tim Berners-Lee invent?
4 What can we move with a mouse?
3 Comptete the sentences.
5 What do you use a computer for?
t
i i Read pages 22-23.
Write the numbers.
7.7 13,500 96 4.8 360 180 65 240 5,400
Write true or false.
1 The Oasis can carry lots of peopte.
2 The Bagger is a large passenger vehicle.
3 The Oasis is much tatler than the Bagger.
4 Doctors wi[[ use nanobots to hetp peopte.
5 The Micro-Car can move, but it's not very fast.
6 Nanobots are bigger than the Micro-Car.
7 The Bagger is heavier than the Micro-Car.
8 The Micro-Caris bigger than a finger.
Answer the questions.
1 What type of machine is the Baggeft
2 What wi[[ doctors use nanobots for in the future?
3 How many swimming poots does the Oasis have?
4 What big machines do you use?
ffi#W ffi6ed %mffi#ffi
\
\W ffi
Bagger 288,lte meters high
_ meters long
_ metric tons
Micro-Car
_ mil[ imeters high
_ mil l imeters long
- meters per hour
Oasis of the Seas
- meters high
_ meters long
_ passengers
Write the words.
1 rcusie ihsP2 n;mnig inamche
3 l isr i6os6op
4 s3rPn5€gs
5 ceuhi le
6 1i5c5lentt
5 What smal l machines do you use?
A Machines SurveyWrite two more questions for the suruey.
f nteruiew your friends and family. Write / toreach answer.
Count the answers. Make a summary to showyour results. Disptay your resutts.
1
2
Yes No
1 Can you ride a bicycle?
2 Do you usually wear a watch?
3 Do you have a computer at home?
4 Are there windmills near your home?
5 Do you sometimes walk up ramps?
6 Do you have a digitat clock?
7 Do you send text messages?
8 Does your famity's car use biodiesel?
9 Do you sometimes travel by plane?
10 Do you play computer games?
LT
L2
7 71 ,.]-..,:'.=.1t:a'rii.1.ry€F---:n:=1n::.:-jn=:.--.-=-.-=.39.i<ii:..Je:r:::Ee:ryi*er:?j€fs!tI=*+:*=pln:=+..i:=.t:
-
A Machine Poster1 Find or draw pictures of a machine that you like.
2 Answer these questions and make notes.
$ t\ $ t\ $ t\ t\ {\ t\ t\ t\ \ t\ t\ $ {\ t l\ {\ \ t {\ t t\ $ $ t\What does the machine do?
How does the machine work?
What can people use it for?
Who invented it? When?
3 Make a poster. Write sentences to describe frthe machine. Disptay your poster. $
#r-.:r :+=:'Fjii:i:4:r' , "-.=-t*..**.-*@
IrFl.Wrwr
Ependu[um
\?-'@_steam
t t
,-
Wtree trunk
$wood
6'bt-
JJ iE [ ,
ffipassengers
-l */ty lLI I t t -
I tid
-ffismoke
G\
-\- E
t*$_ --E-\ \L
aNw{.\ \Y
\
too[s
v) t' l l
wires
$sate[[ite
:&mffi
tempte
ffimi[[stone
@sand clock
/ffi
fqrope
I.l,
oi l
stick stone
mrcroscope
ffi
water clock wheel wheelchairmed ic inegrain handle
Picture Dictionary
klffi recart
welectricity
rffi.-.NBE
fueI
/)
-
metaI
#, P,#chariot coal cord cruise ship
axle batteries bone canal
engine flour food
hot-airballoon
@
freight
Series Editor: Hazel Geatches . CLIL Adviser: John Ctegg
Oxford Read and Discover graded readers are at four [evets, from3 to 6, suitabte for students from age 8 and otder. They cover manytopics within three subject areas, and can support Engtish across thecurriculum, or Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL).
Available for each reader:. Audio CD Pack (book & audio CD). Activity Book
For Teacher's Notes & CLIL Guidance go towww.ou p.c om / elt/ teacher/reada nddiscover
\ subiecr
\reaLevel \
The World of Science& Technology
The NaturalWorld
The World of Arts& Socia[ Studies
6600
headwords
. How We Make Products
. Sound and Music
. Super Structures
. Your Five Senses
. Amazing Minibeasts
. Animals in the Airr Life in Rainforests. Wonderful Water
r Festivals Aroundthe World
. Free Time Aroundthe Wortd
@750
headwords
. At[ About Ptantso How to Stay Heatthyo Machines Then and Nowr Why We Recycte
. A[[ About Desert lifer A[[ About Ocean Life. Animats at Nightr lncredible Earth
r Animals in Artr Wonders of the Past
6900
headwords
Materiats to ProductsMedicine Then and NowTransportation Thenand NowWitd Weather
a
a
a
o A[[ About lslandsr Anima[ Life Cycles. Exploring Our Wortd. Great Migrations
Homes Aroundthe WortdOur Wortd in Art
a
I
@1,050
headwords
. Cetts and Microbes
. Clothes Then and Nowo Incredibte Energyr YourAmazing Body
r Alt About Spacee Caring for Our Ptanetr Earth Then and Now. Wonderful Ecosystems
. Helping Aroundthe Wortd
o Food Aroundthe Wortd
For younger students, Dotphin Readers Levels Starter, t, and 2 are available.
