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Paper presented at EPS International Conference on Environment at Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in August 2-5, 2011
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GREETINGS FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA!GREETINGS FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA!
FACULTY OF EDUCATIONUNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
World Conference on Educational Sciences3-7 February 2009
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
A S C E N A R I O O F N O N - F O R M A L
A S C E N A R I O O F N O N - F O R M A L
E N V I RO N M E N TA L E D U CAT I O N ( E E )
E N V I RO N M E N TA L E D U CAT I O N ( E E )
O N AD U LT S O N AD U LT S
I N S ABA H , M A L AYS I AI N S ABA H , M A L AYS I A
DR. ARBA’AT HASSANc/o Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
email: [email protected]
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
UNESCO UNESCO ... “a ... “a process aimed to develop world citizens that are aware of and concerned about the total environment and problems (knowledge, attitudes, motivations, commitments and skills.)”
This citizen works individually and collectively towards solving the problems and preventing/minimizing new one.
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Objectives Actions
KnowledgeTo help social groups and individuals gain a variety of experience in, and acquire a basic understanding of, the environment and its associated problems.
Awareness To help social groups and individuals acquire an awareness of and sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems.
SkillsTo help social groups and individuals acquire the skills for identifying and solving environmental problems.
Participation
To provide social groups and individuals with an opportunity to be actively involved at all levels in working towards the resolution of environmental problems.
Sources: Arbaat (2006) & Sato (2006)
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Teachers’ Edu Division introduced EE in all teachers’ training colleges in Malaysia (1995):
The pre-service teacher edu program (adults)
compulsoryTeachers’ Training Diploma, and Post Graduate Diploma in teaching course,
Tertiary (degree) level, The universitiesProduce experts in environment-related fields.
ADULTS FORMAL EEADULTS FORMAL EE
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Literature review on non-formal environmental education for adults locally and globally;Collection of secondary data from a compilation of case studies by the Science and Technology Unit; andCollection of primary data from the Environment Protection Department (EPD)
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
DATA AND FINDINGSDATA AND FINDINGS
Case Study A: Scenario Non-Formal EE for Adults (Various Org in 2002)
Five evaluation criteria are Effectiveness Efficiency Impact Relevance Sustainability
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Evaluation Effective (%)
Efficient(%)
Impact(%)
Relevant(%)
Sustainable(%)
Yes 91.7 75.0 33.3 100.0 50.0
No 8.3 16.7 - - -
Difficult to assess - 8.3 - - 8.3
Not direct - - 16.7 - -
No significant impact observed - - 33.3 - -
Unknown - - 16.7 - 41.7
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Table 1: Evaluation Results of 12 Campaigns in Percentage
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
i. Nearly 92% campaigns = effective.
ii. 75% campaigns = efficient (but needs further enhancement to improve quality).
iii.33% campaigns = permanent impact in the society.
iv.All campaigns = relevance and importance to beneficiaries and stakeholders.
v. About 50% campaigns = benefited to stakeholders.
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Results
Case Study B: Non-Formal Adults EE (Envt Protection Dept Sabah)
The adult target groups: general public,
community residents, government officers,
religious groups, head of villages,
village committees, and lecturers.
Public awareness on environmental protection and roles of the Dept = increased.
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Case Study B: (1999-Aug 2008)
Implemented EE activity for adults = mostly environmental talks. The Environment Protection Dept = implemented more non-formal activities for adults but talks and exhibitions are increasing trend and most invited.
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Fig 1: Environmental talks (Knowledge)
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Fig 2: Environmental exhibitions (Awareness)
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Other Environmental Activities (1999-2008)
Mangrove Race Mangrove Tree Planting
Paper making using recycled paper Radio Talks
Photography Contest Cleaning up activities
River Survey Launching events
Awareness through newspaper articles Envt’l Friendly Schools Ceremony Envt’l Friendly Schools Road-show
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Fig 3: Mangrove Tree-planting (Participation)
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
FACULTY OF EDUCATIONSULTAN IDRIS RDUCATION UNIVERSITY
Fig 3: Mangrove Tree-planting (Participation)
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Fig 4: Composting using garden wastes (Participation)
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Fig 5: Beach cleaning-up(Awareness & Participation)
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Fig 6: Cleaning-up Activities (Awareness & Participation)
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Figure 7 : Colouring contest
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Figure 8 : Paper Making
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Figure 8 : Radio talk/quiz
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-6 August 2011
Environmental Friendly Schools
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
The different mode of EE learning:
i. Setting =learning envt is outside education formal.
ii. Structure of learning =flexible but interesting.
iii. Programme structure =flexible. iv. Method =interesting (direct to nature,
eg: fauna and flora).
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Environmental Education Centres:
zoos, forest, landfills, recycling centres, wildlife sanctuaries, rehabilitation centres, water treatment plants, and mangrove re-planting plans.
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
Non-formal education =a vital component of EE.
Programmes = involve publics ──from youngsters to adults.
Method of learning = “learning-by-doing” (has high degree of meaningful and remembered longer by these “outside classroom students”)
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
*Acknowledgment: The writer is indebted to Datuk Mohd. Hasnol bin Ayub, the Executive Director for Institute for Development Studies (IDS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah in sponsoring the return air ticket (Kuala-Lumpur-Hohhot-Kuala Lumpur) and making the presentation possible. Thank you very much, Datuk!!
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
EPS Hohhot International Conference on Biodiversity3-5 August 2011
Institute for Development Studies (Sabah), Malaysia