FNBE AUG 14 INTAKE

CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION

REPORT

PROJECT 2 :

GOING BACK TO THE PAST

CHOO ZI ZHAO 0320489

TAN WUI XIANG 0321128

TEO VI VIEN 0321645

TEO KUO CHEIN 0320195

HIRENDRAN 0319894

RACHAEL CHEONG 0319926

YEN WEI ZHENG 0320266

ANG AVERLLEN 0321444

JAQUELYN VANESSA 0320021

CHONG ZHAO LUN 0320408

INDEX1. Greece Timeline

2. Mount Olympus of Ancient Greece

3. Character in Ancient Greece

Story 1 (Greek god war)

4. Story 2 (Spartan war)

5. Movie inspiration to our roleplay

6. Official Script

Story 1 (Greek god war)

7. Story 2 (Spartan war)

8. References

Greece TimelinePersian war

Greek settle in Ionia

The rival tradition in classical Greece is linked with Athens, an outpost of Mycenaean culture.

Athens successfully resists the Dorians and becomes something of a place of refuge for those

fleeing the invaders. With the encouragement of Athens, from about 900 BC, non-Dorian Greeks

migrate to form colonies on the west coast of Antonia. These colonies eventually merge to form

Ionia. In subsequent centuries Ionia, with Athens, becomes a cradle of the classical Greek

civilization. So there is a genuine continuity from Mycenae. It is reflected in the idea of

Mycenaean Greeks expressed by Homer himself probably a native of Ionia.

Ionian League created

The Ionian League, also called the Panionic League, was a confederation formed at the end

of the Meliac War in the mid-7th century BC comprising twelve Ionian cities (a dodecapolis, of

which there were many others). These were listed by Herodotus as

Miletus, Myus and Priene, all in Caria (a region in Asia Minor) and speaking the same dialect

Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos, Clazomenae and Phocaea in Lydia and-or the region

known today as Ionia (both also in Asia Minor, Lydia extending inland much farther relative

to Ionia), speaking another dialect

Chios (island) and Erythrae (Asia Minor), with a common dialect

Samos (island), with its own dialect

Cyrus II

Cyrus II (reign: 559-530 BCE), also known

as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Persian

Empire. When he became king, Persia was a client

state of the empire of the Medes. Cyrus revolted,

conquered the Median capital Ecbatana and

deposed the king of the Medes, Astyages.

Throughout his reign he

conquered Babylon, Lydia, and the Greek

cities of Asia Minor. The expansion of Persia

brought wealth, which Cyrus used to construct

the royal city of Pasargadae. Cyrus had a wife named

Cassandane. She was an Achaemenian and daughter of

Pharnaspes. From this marriage, Cyrus had four children which are Cambyses II, Bardiya, Atossa,

and another daughter whose name is not attested in ancient sources.

Though his

father died in 551

BC, Cyrus had

already succeeded

to the throne in 559

BCE. However,

Cyrus was not yet

an independent

Tomb of Cyrus The Great

ruler. Like his predecessors, Cyrus had to recognize Median over lordship. In 553 BC Cyrus

rebelled against Astyages: He rallied the Persian people to revolt against their Median overlords.

After severals battles he conquered the Median capital of Ecbatana in 549 BCE, effectively

controlling the Median Empire. While Cyrus seems to have accepted the crown of Media, by 546

BCE, he officially assumed the title "King of Persia" instead.

Cyrus's conquest of Media was merely the start of his wars. Astyages had been allied with

his brother-in-law Croesus of Lydia (son of Alyattes II), Nabonidus of Babylon, and Amasis II

of Egygt. Around 547 BCE the Lydians first attacked the Achaemenid Empire's city of Pteria in

Cappadocia. Cyrus levied an army and marched against the Lydians, increasing his numbers

while passing through nations in his way. After the stalemate battle of Pteira, Cyrus moved on to

the Lydian capital Sardis, where he routed the Lydian cavalry by placing dromedaries at the front

of his battle lines. Cyrus occupied Sardis and had conquered the Lydian kingdom in 546 BCE.

The Battle of Thermophylae I

The battle of Thermopylae was the first

between the Persians and Greeks during the

Persian invasion of 480-479 BC. The Greek force

was very small but was determined to make a

stand against the huge Persian army.

The Battle of Thermophylae II

All of Greece was in fear, knowing that the

army of the Persian king Xerxes had begun its

invasion of Greece. Already the Thessalians had

gone over to the Persian side, but some Greek

cities had come together and forgotten their

usual rivalries, determining to stop the Persian

invasion. These cities agreed that Sparta would

lead the Greek army, as her reputation in war was

unmatched by any other Greek state.

The Battle of Thermophylae III

The Greeks had chosen to defend a narrow

pass, or gap, between the mountains of central

Greece and the sea, called Thermopylae. This

pass was part of the route into Greece from the north. Here the Greek force now waited, made

up of only 300 Spartans under their king, Leonidas, and about 6000 soldiers from other Greek

cities. They faced a Persian army of perhaps 100,000 men.

The Battle of Thermophylae IV

After the Persians arrived at the pass, several

days crept by without battle beginning. Xerxes

sent a scout to find out what the Greek position

was. The scout returned to the king, who was

amazed by what he heard. In front of a wall that

blocked the pass the 300 Spartans were combing

their hair and exercising. However, the king was

warned not to misread this information: the

Spartans were preparing to fight to the death and

were men of great bravery.

The Battle of Thermophylae V

Finally, after the nerve-wracking wait, the

Persians launched their attack. The Greeks were

defending the pass from behind the wall that

blocked the path. They took it in turns to hold the

front line and fought off wave after wave of

attacking Persians. In the narrow space, the

Persians could not make use of their greater

numbers and the longer spears of the Greeks

meant that they inflicted many casualties on the

Persians.

The Battle of Thermophylae VI

The Spartans also used a clever strategy to further overwhelm their enemy. They pretended

to retreat so that the Persians chased after them, but would then turn upon the Persians and in

the confusion kill many of the enemy.

The Battle of Thermophylae VII

In this way two days of battle passed, with the

Persians unable to defeat the much smaller army of

Greeks. The Persians had lost many men, but their

luck was about to change. A Greek traitor came to

the Persian king with information of huge

importance.

The Battle of Thermophylae Final

The Spartans withdrew to a hillock near the

pass, together with a few other Greek soldiers who

had refused to leave. They fought the Persians with

all their remaining strength. When their weapons

broke, they fought with their hands and teeth. But

the Persian soldiers vastly outnumbered them and

finally the Spartans were overwhelmed with a volley

of arrows fired by the Persians.

Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.) took place between the Athenian empire and

Peloponnesian league lead by the Spartans. The Peloponnesian league was a coalition of the

Thebes, Corinth and Sparta.

The war was divided into 3

phases: The Archidamian War,

The Sicilian war and The

Ionian or Decelean War:

phase. The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. when the Thebans launched a surprise attack on

Plataea, who as a partner of Athens. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C. when Athens

surrendered.The Peloponnesian War remodeled the entire Greek state. The Athenian empire,

which was a stronger side prior to the war, was reduced to a mere vulnerable slave of Sparta.

After the war, Sparta was the ruling state of Greece. The war destroyed the economies and

brought poverty and sufferings to the state.

Mount Olympus of Ancient GreeceAccording to ancient Greek mythology, when things had to be decided in the mystical world,

a council of 12 gods called the Olympians met on Mount Olympus to discuss things. The 12

Olympian godsall kept a home on Mount Olympus. Hades was rarely in residence. He preferred

his home in the Underworld. Poseidon preferred his palace under the sea. But the rest of the

Olympians could be found on Mount Olympus year around unless they were off traveling

somewhere.

Hestia was the goddess of hearth and home. She used to be one of the Olympians, but she

grew tired of all their fighting and bickering. She gave her seat to Dionysus, the god of wine.

Actually, once Dionysus settled down and got married, he was a very good choice.

Aphrodite was on the council. But her husband, Hephaestus, who built all the gods' homes

on Mount Olympus, was not on the council, not according to most Greek myths. The Parthenon

in Greece is surrounding by the statue of each of the 12 Olympians. Hades, king of the

Underworld, is not represented with a statue, but Hephaestus is.

When Hestia resigned, Dionysus took her place, so that was a swap. But no one knows

whether Hades or Hephaestus was the 12th Olympian.

Zeus

Hera

Poseidon

Demeter

Athena

Ares

Apollo

Artemis

Hermes

Aphrodite

12 Olympians in Mount Olympus

Hestia, who turned her place over to Dionysus

Last (depending upon who is telling the story) - sometimes Hades, and sometimes Hephaestus

Character in Ancient Greece Story 1 (Greek god war)Cronus

Cronus or Kronos was in Greek mythology the leader

and the youngest of the first generation of Titans, the

divine descendants of Uranus, the sky and Gaia, the earth. 

He overthrew his father and ruled during the mythological

Golden Age, until he was overthrown by his own son

Zues and imprisoned in Tartarus.

Cronus was usually depicted with a Harpe, Scythe or a

Sickle, which was the instrument he used to castrate and

depose Uranus, his father.

In Athens, on the twelfth day

of the Attic month of

Hekatombaion, a festival

called Kronia was held in

honour of Cronus to

celebrate the harvest,

suggesting that, as a result of his association with the virtuous

Golden Age, Cronus continued to preside as a patron of harvest. 

Cronus was also identified in classical antiquity with the Roman

deity Saturn.

Cronus weaponCronus used his weapon of choice which was the sickle, so he could kill his father, Uranus.

Gaea made the sickle for Cronus so he could kill him and take over.

RheaRhea is the Titaness daughter of the earth

goddess Gaia and the sky god Uranus, in Greek

mythology and sister and wife to Cronus. In

early traditions, she is known as "the mother of

gods" and therefore is strongly associated with

Gaia and Cybele, who have similar functions.

The classical Greeks saw her as the mother of

the Olympian goddesses and gods, but not as

an Olympian goddess in her own right. The

Romans identified her with Magna Mater (their

form of Cybele), and the Goddess Ops.

Then she hid Zeus in a cave on Mount Ida in Crete.

According to varying versions of the story:

1. He was then raised by Gaia

2. He was suckled by his first cousin, a goat

named Amalthea, while a company of Kouretes, so ldiers,

or smaller gods, shouted and clashed their swords

together to make noise so that Cronus would not hear the

baby's cry,

3. He was raised by a nymph named Adamanthea, who fed

him goat milk. Since Cronus ruled over the earth, the

heavens, and the sea, Adamanthea hid him by dangling

him on a rope from a tree so he was suspended between

earth, sea, and sky and thus, invisible to his father.

Scythe Sickle

Cronus devour his own childCronos sired six children by Rhea: Hestia, Hades,

Demeter, Poseidon , Hera, and Zeus in that order, but

swallowed them all as soon as they were born except

Zeus, since Cronus had learned from Gaia and

Uranus that he was destined to be overcome by his own

child as he had overthrown his own father. When

Zeus was about to be born, however, Rhea sought

Uranus and Gaia to devise a plan to save him, so that

Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against

Uranus and his own children. Rhea gave birth

to Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he promptly

swallowed.

GaeaIn Greek mythology, Gaia, from Ancient Greek also spelled Gaea,

was the personification of the Earth and one of the Greek primordial

deities. 

Gaia was the great mother of all: the

primal Greek Mother Goddess; creator

and giver of birth to the Earth and all

the Universe; the heavenly gods,

the Titans, and the Giants were born to

her. 

The gods reigning over their classical

pantheon were born from her union

with Uranus (the sky), while the sea-

gods were born from her union

with Pontus (the sea). Her equivalent in

the Roman pantheon was Terra.

Giants

Titans

ZuesZues was the god of the sky and ruler of the Olympian

gods. He overthrew his father, Cronos, and then drew lots

with his brothers Poseidon and Hades, in order to decide

who would succeed their father on the throne. Zues won

the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods, as

well as lord of the sky and rain. His weapon was a

thunderbolt which he hurled at those who displeased or

defied him, especially liars and oathbreakers. He was

married to Hera but often tested her patience, as he was

infamous for his many affairs.

Zues, the presiding deity of the universe, ruler of the

skies and the earth, was regarded by the Greeks as the god

of all natural phenomena on the sky; the personification of

the laws of nature; the ruler of the state; and finally, the

father of gods and men.

Using his shield, the Aegis, Zeus could create all natural

phenomena related to the air and the sky, such as storms,

tempests, and intense darkness. At his command, mighty

thunders

would flash and lightnings would roll, wreaking

havoc; or the skies would open to rejuvenate

the earth with life-giving water.

As the personification of the operations of

nature, he

represented

the grand laws

of unchanging

and

harmonious

order, by

which both the natural and the spiritual world were governed.

He was the god of regulated time as marked by the changing

seasons and the regular succession of day and night, in contrast

to what his father Cronus represented before him; absolute

time, i.e. eternity.

PoseidonGod of the sea and rivers, creator of storms and floods,

and the bringer of earthquakes and destruction, Poseidon

was perhaps the most disruptive of all the ancient Greek

gods, not only for mortals but also to Zeus’ peaceful reign

on Olympus. Son of Kronos and Rhea, and brother of Zeus

and Hades, Poseidon was a key figure in the battles for

control of the universe between the Titans, the Giants, and

the Olympians. On their victory, the three brothers drew

lots to decide which domain they would reign over and

Poseidon gained the seas. The god dwelled in magnificent

golden mansions beneath the sea, beautifully adorned with

coral and sea flowers. Seemingly not content with this

alone, Poseidon often interfered in the plans of Zeus, and

once even attempted to overthrow his brother with the aid

of Hera and Athena. It was as punishment for this treachery that Poseidon was made to build the

magnificent walls of Troy. Poseidon’s wife was the Nereid

Amphitrite and his son was Triton (who was half-man, half-fish).

However, as with the other divinities, he fathered many other

offspring with various partners. Most notable are Theseus (with

Aithra), Polyphemus the Cyclops (whom Odysseus encountered on

his lengthy return from the Trojan War), Orion the hunter (with the

daughter of Minos), Pegasus (after the rape of Medusa), and

Charybdis (with Gaia), the ship-eating sea monster which created

terrible whirlpools. Poseidon was also responsible for another

terrible creature - the Minotaur.

Power and Abilities

Poseidon's Trident has the power

over the sea. It makes tsunamis and

waves, along with sea foam. He can

calm the water or make it roar. If he

strikes the Earth with his trident an

earthquake will happen.

Trident (weapon)

The cyclops forged this Trident out of pure gold, and later imbued

it with the power of the seas.

HadesGod of the Underworld—

He presided over funeral rites and defended the right

of the dead to due burial.

Hades was devoured by Kronos as soon as he was

born, along with four of his siblings. Zues later caused the

Titan to disgorge them, and together they drove

the Titan gods from heaven and locked them away in the

pit of Tartaros. When the

three victorious brothers

then drew lots for the

division of the cosmos,

Hades received the third

portion, the dark dismal

realm of the underworld,

as his domain.

Haides was depicted as a dark-bearded, regal god. He was

depicted as either Aidoneus, enthroned in the underworld,

holding a bird-tipped sceptre, or as Plouton, the giver of

wealth, pouring fertility from a cornucopia. The Romans named

him Dis, or Pluto, the Latin form of his Greek title Plouton, "the

Lord of Riches."

UranusUranus meaning "sky" or "heaven" was the primal Greek god

personifying the sky. His equivalent in Roman mythology was

Caelus. In Ancient Greek literature, Uranus or Father Sky was

the son and husband of Gaia, Mother Earth. According to

Hesiod's Theogony, Uranus was conceived by Gaia alone, but

other sources cite Aether as his father. Uranus and Gaia were

the parents of the first generation of Titans, and the

ancestors of most of the Greek gods, but no cult addressed

directly to Uranus survived into Classical times, and Uranus

does not appear among the usual themes of Greek painted

pottery. Elemental Earth, Sky and Styx might be joined, however, in a solemn invocation in

Homeric epic.

Story 2 (Spartan war)King XerxesXerxes I of Persia, also known as Xerxes the Great, was the fourth of the king of the kings of

the Achaemenid Empire. He ruled from 486 BC until his murder in 465 BC at the hands

of Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard. He is notable for his invasion of Greece in

480 BC.

His mother was Atossa, the

daughter of Cyrus the

Great (who founded the

Achaemenid Empire). He was,

therefore, accepted as a great

king before having to prove

himself so in any way. Xerxes is

celebrated for his many building

projects throughout his empire

but is best known, in both ancient and modern sources, for the massive expedition he mounted

against Greece in 480 BCE which, according to Herodotus, assembled the largest and most well

equipped fighting force ever put into the field up to that point. He was the son of Darius the

Great (550-486 BCE) who, in an effort to punish Athens for their support of the Ionian colonies'

revolt against Persian rule, had invaded Greece in 492 BCE. The Persians were defeated by the

Greek forces at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE, and Darius died in 486 BCE before he could

mount another offensive. It therefore fell to his son to carry out his father’s wishes and, in

amassing an army of such size and strength, Xerxes felt confident of his success in achieving

what the great Darius had been unable to realize.

ArtemisiaArtemisia I of Caria was queen of Halicarnusses, a city of

Dorian Greeks and Carians in about 480 BCE.

She fought for her overlord against the free Greek city

states during the second Persian invasion of Greece.

She personally

commanded her contribution

of five ships at the

naval battle of

Artemisium and in the naval

Battle of Salamis in 480 BCE. 

She is mostly known

through the writings of

Herodotus, who praises her

courage and the respect in

which Xerxes held her.

Spartan General (King Leonidas)

During the opening phase of the Peloponnesian War (431-422 BC), Sparta produced a

commander that would shape the tactics, strategy and personal conduct of military leaders to

follow. Both Xenophon and Alexander the Great must have studied his campaigns, for his

signature is indelibly marked on their exploits. Although Lysander is the best known of the

Spartan commanders of the war, being the architect of final victory, no other single Spartan

exhibited the flexibility of intellect, persuasiveness of oratory and bravery and skill in combat.

So exceptional were his abilities that traditional, ultra-conservative Sparta did as much to

suppress his actions as did any Athenian foe. In a more modern context, he may be compared to

Rommel, a popular and chivalric general, dispatched by his

country to a remote theater of war, with an inadequate force

and little expectation of success. Like Rommel, he would

astonish enemy and friend with his victories, but unlike Rommel,

he would ultimately triumph. 

Spartan weapon

ThemistoclesThemistocles was born in a village named Phrearrhioi as

the son of a man named Neocles. His mother was a non-

Athenian from Thrace or Caria. According to Themistocles'

biographer Plutarch of Chaeronea, the young man "was of

a vehement and impetuous nature, of a quick

apprehension, and a strong and aspiring bent for action

and great affairs", but this is probably nothing but a

retroprojection. In Antiquity, it was widely believed that

great statesmen already showed their qualities when they

were still young. It is only when Themistocles obtained the

office of archontin 493/492 BCE that he becomes "visible"

for us. After his tenure of this office, he became member of

the Areopagus, the influential council of former

magistrates.

In those years, Athens was involved in two major

foreign conflicts. The most important seemed to be the war

with the island Aegina, which could threaten Athenian

commerce as it was situated opposite the port of Athens,

Phaleron. The other conflict was with the Persian empire in

the east. In the third quarter of the sixth century, the

Persian king Cyrus The Great (559-530) had conquered the

Greek cities of Asia Minor, but in 499, they had revolted against king Darius l The Great (522-

486), and Athens had briefly supported the rebels.

Weapon of choicesThe kopis sword was a one-handed weapon. The kopis had a single-edged blade that pitched

forward towards the point, the edge being concave on the part of the sword nearest the hilt, but

swelling to convexity towards the tip. This shape, often termed "recurved", distributes

the weight in such a way that the kopis was capable of delivering a blow with the momentum of

an axe, whilst maintaining the long cutting edge of a sword and some facility to execute a

thrust.

The xiphos is a double-edged, one-

handed Iron Age Straight

shortsword used by the ancient Greeks.

It was a secondary battlefield weapon

for the Greek armies after the dory or

javelin. The classic blade was generally

about 50–60 cm long, although the

Spartans supposedly started to use

blades as short as 30 cm around the era

of the Greco-Persian Wars. The xiphos

sometimes has a midrib, or is diamond

or lenticular in cross-section. It was

generally hung from a baldric under the

left arm. The xiphos was generally used

only when the spear was discarded for

close combat.

Movie inspiration to our roleplay1. While King Leonidas and his 300 Spartans have their date with destiny at Thermopylae,

another battle against the Persians is brewing, this time at sea. Themistocles (Sullivan Stapleton), a Greek general, sees the threat posed by the God-King Xerxes of Persia. He knows that he must unite all of Greece if he is to stand any chance of repelling the Persian invasion. Even if he accomplishes his mission, Themistocles must still face Artemisia (Eva Green), the ruthless leader of the Persian armada.

2. Power-hungry King Hyperion (Mickey Rourke) and his ruthless army march across Greece, leaving burned-out villages and the corpses of the innocent in their wake. Hyperion's goal is to find the long-lost Bow of Epirus; with this invincible weapon, he can cast the gods out of Mount Olympus and become master of the world. A stonemason named Theseus (Henry Cavill) heeds the words of the sibylline oracle (Freida Pinto), who convinces him that he is the key to stopping the bloodthirsty king.

Official ScriptStory 1 (Greek god war)

NARRATOR

IN THE BEGINNING THERE WAS ONLY CHAOS. THEN LOVE WAS BORN. FROM LOVE CAME LIGHT

AND DAY. ONCE THERE WAS LIGHT AND DAY, GAEA, THE EARTH WAS BORN.

GAEA ALONE GAVE BIRTH TO URANUS THE HEAVENS. URANUS BECAME GAEA’S MATE COVERING

HER ON ALL SIDES. TOGETHER THEY PRODUCED 3 CYCLOPS, 3 HECATONCHEIRES AND 12

TITANS.

SCENE 1

NARRATOR

URANUS WAS A BAD FATHER AND HUSBAND (URANUS SLAPS GAEA), HE HATED THE

HECATONCHEIRES AND IMPRISONED THEM BY PUSHING THEM INTO HIDDEN PLACES OF GAEA’S

WOMB. THIS ANGERED GAEA.

Gaea screams.

GAEA

How could you do this to our children?

They are of our own blood.

Uranus flings his hand angrily in the air.

URANUS

They are not my children.

GAEA

But we created them – You and I.

Uranus WALKS towards Gaea and--

LOOKS into her eyes.

URANUS

They are NOT my children. They are monsters.

Uranus PUSHES his children to the Earth

Gaea SCREAMS and CRIES.

GAEA

NO! NO!!

NARRATOR

SHE PLOTTED AGAINST URANUS.

Gaea goes to a corner and MAKES a sickle, and repeatedly HAMMERS the sickle.

Gaea WALKS towards her children.

GAEA

Your father has gone out of control.

We need to do something about it.

NARRATOR

ALL CHILDREN WERE TOO AFRAID EXCEPT THE YOUNGEST, CRONOS.

SCENE 2

Cronos KNOCKS on Gaea’s chamber, and enters.

CRONOS

Mother, may I have a word with you?

GAEA

Yes, child. What is it?

CRONOS

I agree that father has gone out of hand.

I am willing to take the risk to bring father down.

GAEA

I had a feeling you would say that.

Gaea WALKS towards the table where her sickle is placed.

GAEA

Here, I made this sickle. Use this to castrate

your father, while I bed him.

CRONOS

As you wish, mother.

SCENE 3

NARRATOR

AS URANUS LAYED WITH GAEA, CRONOS GRABBED

HIS FATHER AND CASTRATED HIM WITH THE SICKLE.

Cronos walks in on his parents making love.

Cronos pulls his father aside, and castrates him.

Uranus screams.

CRONOS

I am the new ruler of Mount Olympus.

You shall kneel before me.

Uranus KNEELS.

CRONOS

I sentence you, father to exile. You are no longer

welcomed at Mount Olympus.

URANUS

This is not the end. You will not see the last of me.

I swear to the Heaven’s to return with vengeance.

SCENE 4

NARRATOR

AFTER BEING CROWNED THE NEW RULER OF OLYMPUS, CRONOS WEDS HIS

SISTER, RHEA. HE RULED FOR MANY AGES. UNDER HIS RULE THE TITANS HAD

A LOT OF OFFSPRINGS. BUT ONE DAY HE RECEIVED A MESSAGE, ABOUT

HIS PROFECY. IT IS SAID THAT HE WOULD BE OVERTHRONE BY A SON.

Cronos BREATHES in heavily.

Cronos walks--

AIMLESSLY

And lets out ANGRY SIGHS.

CRONOS

Me, over-throned by my own son?

MESSENGER

Yes, sire.

What are you going to do?

CRONOS

Let it be known that any offspring

of mine that is born shall be eaten,

by me.

MESSENGER

Noted, sire.

SCENE 5

NARRATOR

CRONOS CALLS FOR A FAMILY MEETING.

Cronos speaks ARROGANTLY,--

WALKING back and forth.

CRONOS

I am eating the children tonight. One by one. Alive.

RHEA

Cronos! You are being delirious.

You are joking aren’t you?

Rhea LAUGHS in dismay.

CRONOS

No, Rhea. I am not.

Rhea STUNNED.

RHEA

What? Cronos, why? Why would you do that?

CRONOS

Today, I received news about my prophecy.

It is said that my throne would be

taken over by one of our son.

RHEA

No, Cronos you are not thinking straight. Don’t do this

just for a stupid throne! They are our children.

We raised them!

Rhea WALKS TOWARDS Cronos.

RHEA

We made them.

Cronos LOOKS at Rhea angrily.

CRONOS

But now I shall kill them.

RHEA

And you think by eating them you will be granted

with eternal royalty? You must be out of your mind!

Rhea kept silent and thought quietly.

RHEA

Do you remember our father, Uranus? Do you remember how

much you hated that man to a point where you castrated him?

Well, you are starting to turn into that monster our

father once was.

Cronos LOOKS at Rhea but ignores her sentence.

RHEA

Cronos, don’t do it.

Cronos is getting ready to EAT the 1st child.

RHEA

STOP.

The 1st child is already in Cronos’ mouth.

RHEA

NO! CRONOS! YOU ARE INSANE!

Rhea CRIES, with the face in her hands.

Cronos EATS his 5 offsprings. One by one.

NARRATOR

EVEN THOUGH RHEA WAS MAD AT CRONOS, SHE EVENTUALLY FORGAVE HIM FOR

HIS MISTAKES. SHE WAS ALSO PREGNANT WITH THEIR 6TH CHILD, BUT

SHE CHOSE NOT TO TELL HIM. RHEA DID NOT WANT THE SAME THING TO HAPPEN

TO HER 6TH CHILD SO DIRECTLY AFTER HER LABOUR, SHE HID HIM.

SCENE 6

NARRATOR

THE CHILD WAS NAMED ZEUS. ZEUS GREW UP OUTSIDE THE KINGDOM AND GREW UP TO BE VERY

STRONG AND POWERFUL. WHEN HE WAS IN HIS PRIME, HE WAS READY TO BATTLE HIS FATHER.

HE WAS GIVEN A DRINK BY METIS TO GIVE CRONOS, WHICH WILL MAKE HIS FATHER VOMIT

OUT ALL THE REST OF THE TITANS.

ZEUS RETURNED TO MOUNT OLYMPUS DISGUISED AS A CUP BEARER.

Zeus carried a drink in his hand and walked towards Cronos.

ZEUS

Your drink, sire.

CRONOS

Gone, with you!

Cronos DRINKS the drink.

Cronos felt nauseous. He looks uneasy.

Cronos VOMITS.

CRONOS

What was in the drink?

Zeus removes his disguise.

Zeus INTRODUCES himself.

ZEUS

I am Zeus, your only living child!

I have come here to reclaim my rights as

the heir of Mount Olympus, and free my siblings!

Zeus looks at his siblings, which are lying unconsciously on the floor.

ZEUS

Brothers and sisters, join me and defeat

our selfish father who showed us no love.

POSEIDON

For many years, we have suffered under the ruling

of Cronos, who is no father of ours. Whatever

the outcome, I shall fight by your side,

brother.

HADES

I too shall fight by your side. I am no

longer son of Cronos, or under the bloodline

of the Titans. I am with you. For now,

and forever.

POSEIDON

Mount Olympus shall belong only to the Gods, and

Titans no longer.

Cronos looks angry--

And screams.

CRONOS

Summon atlas and the Titans!

A WAR HAS BEGUN!

SCENE 7

NARRATOR

CRONOS AND HIS TITANS LEAD BY ATLAS ATTACKED THE GODS.

BUT THEY WERE DEFEATED.

Random fight scenes occur.

NARRATOR

The Gods won the war.

Zeus, Hades and Poseidon SIT on their respective thrones.

Cronos and the other Titans KNEEL before Zeus, Hades and Poseidon.

ZEUS

You were no match for the Gods.

HADES

We have won! Mount Olympus is ours.

POSEIDON

You would all be sentenced to the pit of Tartarus.

ZEUS

Except you, Atlas. You will be punished for your

treachery. You shall bear the weight of the

earth on your shoulders.

SCENE 8

NARRATOR

AFTER THE WAR, THE GODS HELD A MEETING TO DECIDE WHO SHALL RULE MOUNT OLYMPUS,

THE OCEAN AND THE UNDERWORLD.

ZEUS

Brother, I have come to you with a proposition. As your savior, I would

like to be the ruler of Mount Olympus and I have come to get your

blessings. In return, I would offer you the ocean as your

kingdom to rule.

POSEIDON

I appreciate the offer, but what about our

brother, Hades? It would be unjust if we were to

exclude him from this conversation.

ZEUS

Brother or not, someone has to be the ruler of the underworld,

and I take that you are not fond of the idea

of ruling the dead.

POSEIDON

I shall take the offer, but I’m afraid that Hades

would not be too pleased with our scheme.

ZEUS

Leave him to me.

NARRATOR

POSIDEN AND ZEUS TEAM UP AGAINST HADES TO TRICK HIM AND MAKE HIM THE CONQUEROR OF

THE UNDERWORLD. WHILE POSEIDON CONQUERED THE OCEAN AND ZEUS CONQUERS MOUNT

OLYMPUS.

Story 2 (Spartan war)Legend:

- Narrator say

( ) Movement

Points

Narrator: Jackie/ Vivien

Actor:

Themistocles: Alan

Leonidas: Choo

Artemesia: Vivien

Xerxes: Wilson

Warrior: WZ, Dean, Hiren,

1. Scene 1

-Narrator: King Darius ordered his army to attack Athens to spread his

influences, but he lost the battle.

-Narrator 20 years later, After king Darius died Xerxes( His son) launch another

attack to avenge his father.

• (Xerxes come out): My Father has been killed due to this tiny country I

must revenge to claim back my country’s glory

• Xerxes: Who is willing to be my general to crush Athens skulls on my feet

and bring back Themistocles head for me??!!

• (Everyone looking left and right and whispering)

• Xerxes: How about my favourite general Artemesia commander of Persia Fleet?

Artemesia: As you wish my lord. I will forever be at your service. I will

not come back before I demolish Athen’s king palace.

(Artemesia hate athenians very much)

2. Scene 2:

-At Athens they received a message that the great empire Persia is coming to

avenge their king.

Chancellor: all of us are going to die, do you know how strong the

persian army are? We will all be killed like ants crushed by giants!

(Themistocles came out)

Themitcoles: It is us who are going to crush Persian like ants!

Chancellor: Themistocles, have you lost your mind?

Themitocles: No I have not. We need silver! Silver found in of the

land Lavrion to build a metal fleet to defeat the Persian

Themitocles : Gather all the slaves in Athens to build this fleet to

win this war. I shall travel to Sparta to seek help from King

Leonidas.

Chancellor : Why travel to Sparta, my king?

Themistocles : In the past, Sparta fought a war with their neighbors in

Messinia, they worked out a treaty and left to fight again some other day.

The Spartans returned and subjugated the entire population of Messinia,

reducing them to slaves or helots.

Chancellor : Is it wise to ask for help from such a cruel nation?

Themistocles : I believe my brother would help us.

3. Scene 3,

N : - Themitocles goes to Sparta to ask king Leonidas for help

Themitocles: King Leonidas, Greece is in danger and we need your

help to hold off the Persian army so we can focus on our troops at

the sea.

Chancellor of Sparta: Your country should bear the consequences of

your failure to eliminate the Persian Army 20 years ago. It is

your own undoing, this is your fight themistocles, not the

spartans!

Leonidas: none of Spartan soldiers will shed blood for this war,

you’re on your own.

Themitocles: Leonidas we’ve been brother for years, if you hide

behind your gates and fear death, the Persians will come for you

eventually. This is our fight.

Leonidas: (thinking deeply)

4. Scene 4,

N : - Spartan’s king, Leonidas seek the advice on the war from the

oracle at Delphi

Leonidas : I am Leonidas, King of Sparta. I have come to seek

answers. The Persian army are going to attack Athens. If I were to

help Athens in the war, what would become of my men?

Oracle : Your men would perish in the hands of the Persians.

N : - King Leonidas thought about what the oracle said but decided

against it because he thinks both their countries would fall if he did

not lend a hand.

Chancellor : I know what you’re up to, sire. I strongly advice

against it.

Leonidas : I know what I’m doing. I am only bringing 300 of my

royal guards to walk with me because it is their duty to protect

me.

5. Scene 5,

N : - But in fact, Spartan’s King, Leonidas brought his 300 royal

guards and marched to Thermopylae to meet the Persian’s 10,000 soldiers

where they held them off so that themitocles can focus on his marine at

the sea.

N : - the Spartans did their pre-battle rituals starting with a

naked exercise, bathing in oil, combing each other’s long hair, engrave

their names on sticks which were attached on their arms.

(Leonidas and his soldier walk out)

Leonidas: soldier! We were born for a reason ! we are here for a

reason, that scoundrel of a man over there want to destroy us! We

will crush them for our families, kill them for our loved ones,

and make them bleed for our king! if you’re a Spartan you need to

act like a Spartan!

Leonidas : TROOPS! GET IN POSITION! !

N ：King Leonidas trained the heavily armed hoplite soldiers to fight in a massive formation called a phalanx: standing shoulder to

shoulder, the men were protected by their neighbor's shield.

Leonidas : CHARGE!

(battle btw Leonidas and Persian troops)

6. Scene 6

N : A scout reported to Artemisia about the alliance between Sparta and Athens.

This worried Artemisia. She immediately reported to King Xerxes.

Artemesia : My King, there’s been word that Sparta has formed an

alliance with Athens and they are holding off our soldiers at

Thermopylae.

Xerxes : That should not worry us, we are stronger and larger in

number. Why do you fear them?

Artemesia : In Sparta, Men lived in barracks, male children were

taken from their mothers at a young age to learn how to serve the

state. Unhealthy children were killed or left to die. Life had one

purpose which is to defend the state.

Xerxes : Have you no faith in our soldiers or yourself,

Artemesia? You are a child of Persia. We have great history as

conquerors instilled in our blood. Do not fail me now.

7. Scene 6

N : -At the same time, King Xerxes arrived at Athen’s border and they fought a

marine war between Themitocles and Artemesia

Artemesia: we have won countless of wars in the past, but we are

only as great as our last victory. Let the blood spilled on the

battlefield be the symbol of our great victory. Our children shall

speak of this day as we will go down in history as the greatest

army to have ever fought for Persia. I shall, with all my power,

lead this nation to victory.

Themitocles: Though we may be smaller in size and lesser in

numbers but we are men of Athens and we shall arise to the name of

our fathers and bring glory to our nation.

N : - Themitocles is an intelligent man. The odds were not in his favour because

Persia has bigger and stronger fleets, hence he made use of the geographics of

athens to lure the Persian fleet into the narrow straits where their smaller

ships have more advantage.

Themitocles : Lure the giant Persian fleet into the straits!

N : - The Athens soldier threw rocks at the Persian fleet and athens won their

very first fight.

• ( Xerxes watched the Athens soldiers sink 200 of the Persian fleet and he

was very crossed by it)

Xerxes : What is the meaning of this! We outnumbered them by ten thousands, why

are we losing this battle?

Chancellor : I do not know sire, they were held by the Spartans, it was almost

impossible for them to have defeated us.

Xerxes : This is ridiculous! What do you mean you do not know. This cannot

happen! Get lost! Get out of my sight, you useless scoundrel.

N : - After Athen’s first victory, Spartan’s General, Pausania alongside other

Greek city-states leaders joined in the war to defeat the Persian army during the

battle of Plataea.

Reference

Mark, J., Mark, J. and Mark, J. (2015). Xerxes I. [online] Ancient History Encyclopedia. Available at: http://www.ancient.eu/Xerxes_I/

Ancientgreece.com, (2015). Ancient Greece - History, mythology, art, war, culture, society, and architecture.. [online] Available at: http://www.ancientgreece.com/

Bbc.co.uk, (2015). BBC - Primary History - Ancient Greeks. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/

Ancientgreece.co.uk, (2015). Ancient Greece - The British Museum. [online] Available at: http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/

Acropolis, D. (2015). Ancient Greece - Ancient History - HISTORY.com. [online] HISTORY.com. Available at: http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece

Historyforkids.org, (2015). Ancient Greece - History Facts for Kids. [online] Available at: http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/

TimeMaps Atlas of World History, (2015). TimeMaps. [online] Available at: http://www.timemaps.com/civilization/Ancient-Greeks

Greekmythology.com, (2015). Cronus. [online] Available at: http://www.greekmythology.com/Titans/Cronus/cronus.html

Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: http://ancienthistory.about.com › ... › C Gods and Goddesses

Society, N. (2015). National Geographic Kids | The Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Greece. [online] Ngkids.co.uk. Available at: http://www.ngkids.co.uk/history/greek-gods