WORLD WAR II
PART I
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
FAILURE OF WWI PEACE SETTLEMENT Treaty of Versailles- GERMANS
SAW NOTHING FAIR IN IT RUSSIA UPSET ABOUT HAVING
PART OF THEIR COUNTRY CARVED UP
NEW DEMOCRACIES COLLAPSED
JOSEPH STALIN- RUSSIA 1922 RUSSIA BECOMES COMMUNIST
SOVIET UNION COMMUNISM- = Dictator has
control of total economy, collective ownership of property, all goods are equally shared.
JOSEPH STALIN- “MAN OF STEEL”
ABOLISHED ALL PRIVATE FARMS
SET UP COLLECTIVES- LARGE GOVERNMENT OWNED FARMS, WORKED BY HUNDEREDS OF FAMILIES
Joseph Stalin
Stalin Continued “FIVE YEAR PLAN” TO BECOME THE
WORLDS 2ND LARGEST INDUSTRIAL POWER
KILLED 8-13 MILLION PEOPLE WHO THREATENED HIS POWER
TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENT- GOVERNMENT THAT MAINTAINS COMPLETE CONTROL OVER ITS CITIZENS WHICH HAVE NO RIGHTS
FASCISM-ITALY BENITO MUSSOLINI CREATED A FASCIST STATE FASCISM- STRESSED
NATIONALISM AND PLACED THE INTEREST OF THE STATE ABOVE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUALS
NAZISM- GERMANY ADOLF HITLER POWERFUL SPEAKER “MEIN KAMPF” (MY STRUGGLE)-
HITLERS BOOK THAT THE BASIC BELIEFS OF NAZISM
NAZISM- EXTREME NATIONALISM
Adolf Hitler
BELIEVED THAT GERMANS FORMED A MASTER RACE- RACIAL PURIFICATION-
NATIONAL EXPANSION- BELIEVED GERMANY NEEDED MORE LIVING SPACE
STORM TROOPERS (BROWN SHIRTS)- HITLERS PRIVATE ARMY
1933 HITLER APPOINTED CHANCELLOR AND ESTABLISHED THE “THIRD REICH”
“The Third Reich”
“The Second Reich”
Weimar Republic
“The First Reich”
Holy Roman Empire
U.S. RESPONDS CAUTIOUSLY
AMERICA CLINGS TO ISOLATIONISM NEUTRALITY ACTS1. OUTLAWED ARMS SALES OR
LOANS TO NATIONS AT WAR2. BAN OR ARMS TO NATIONS
ENGAGED IN CIVIL WAR
WAR IN
EUROPE
GERMANY UNITES WITH AUSTRIA 6 MILLION AUSTRIANS WERE
GERMAN GERMAN TROOPS MARCHED IN
UNOPPOSED THE WORLD DID NOTHING
THE SUDETENLAND WESTERN REGION OF
CZECHOSLOVAKIA- 3 MILLION GERMAN SPEAKING PEOPLE
HITLER MASSED HIS TROOPS IN THE BORDER
LED TO THE MUNICH AGREEMENT
THE SUDETENLAND
MUNICH AGREEMENT HITLER, FRENCH PREMIER DALDIER,
AND BRITISH PRIME MINISTER NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
HITLER CLAIMED THIS WOULD BE HIS LAST DEMAND
EAGER TO AVOID WAR THEY TURNED IT OVER TO HITLER WITHOUT A SHOT BEING FIRED
WINSTON CHURCHILL CLAIMED THEY ADOPTED A SHAMEFUL POLICY OF APPEASEMENT
APPEASEMENT- GIVING UP PRINCIPLES TO PACIFY AN AGRESSOR
NON-AGGRESSION PACT BETWEEN HITLER AND RUSSIA COMMITED TO NEVER ATTACK
EACH OTHER AGREED TO DIVIDE POLAND
BETWEEN THEM
Division of Poland
BLITZKRIEG- “LIGHTNING WAR”-TAKE THE ENEMY BY SURPRISE AND THEN QUICKLY CRUSH ALL OPPOSITION WITH OVERWHELMING FORCE
THE RESULT OF GERMAN AGRESSION SEPTEMBER 3- FRANCE AND
GREAT BRITAIN DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY
POLAND CEASED TO EXIST WORLD WAR II HAD BEGUN
PHONY WAR SEVERAL MONTHS OF NO WAR “SITZKRIEG”- THE SITTING WAR ENDED WITH A GERMAN
ADVANCE TAKING OVER DENMARK, NORWAY, NETHERLANDS, BELGIUM, AND LUXEMBOURG
FALL OF FRANCE GERMAN OFFENSIVE TRAPPED
400,000 FRENCH AND BRITISH TROOPS
ITALY ENTERED THE WAR ON THE SIDE OF GERMANY INVADING FRANCE FROM THE SOUTH
300,000 TROOPS SAVED BY CIVILIAN WATERCRAFT
BATTLE OF BRITAIN GERMAN INVASION OF LONDON GERMAN AIR FORCE BOMBED THE
CITY EVERY NIGHT FOR TWO MONTHS
BRITAINS ROYAL AIR FORCE FOUGHT BACK BY DESTROYING 185 GERMAN PLANES
SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVICE - RADAR
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR
CASH-N-CARRY ALLOWED WARRING NATIONS
TO BUY US ARMS AS LONG AS THEY TRANSPORTED THEM IN THEIR OWN SHIPS
THE AXIS-THREAT TRIPARTITE PACT-
ALLIANCE BETWEEN GERMANY, ITALY, JAPAN
AXIS MOTIVES AIMED AT KEEPING THE U.S. OUT
OF THE WAR- WOULD REQUIRE A TWO FRONT WAR FOR THE U.S.
FDR BEGINS PROVIDING AID TO BRITAIN
CONGRESS PASSED THE FIRST PEACETIME MILITARY DRAFT
LEND-LEASE BRITAIN HAD NO MORE CASH THE U.S. WOULD LEND ARMS
AND OTHER SUPPLIES TO ANY COUNTRY WHOSE DEFENSE WAS VITAL TO THE UNITED STATES
EXTENDED TO THE SOVIET UNION
GERMAN WOLF PACKS GERMAN U-BOATS PATROLLED
THE NORTH ATLANTIC FIRING ON CONVOYS
FDR GRANTED US WARSHIPS THE RIGHT TO ATTACK U-BOATS IN SELF-DEFENSE
ATLANTIC CHARTER SECRET MEETING BETWEEN
ROOSEVELT AND BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WINSTON CHURCHILL
JOINT DECALRATION OF WAR AIMS
ALLIES- THOSE NATIONS THAT WOULD FIGHT THE AXIS POWERS
SHOOT ON SIGHT USS GREER, THE PINK STAR
MERCHANT SHIP, USS KEARNEY, AND THE USS RUEBEN JAMES ATTACKED
UNITED STATES STARTS ARMING MERCHANT SHIPS
JAPAN ATTCKS
THE UNITED STATES
MILITARISM- JAPAN GLORIFICATION OF MILITARY LAUNCHED A SURPRISE
INVASION OF MANCHURIA CONDEMENDED BY THE LEAGUE
OF NATIONS, BUT SIMPLY LEFT THE LEAGUE
PUT MILITARIST IN FIRM CONTROL OF JAPAN
FAILURES OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS JAPANESE INVASION OF CHINA GERMANY BEGAN A MILITARY
BUILD-UP GERMANY SENT TROOPS INTO
THE RHINELAND (VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES)
ITALY INVADED ETHIOPIA
AMBITIONS IN THE PACIFIC HIDEKI TOJO- CHIEF OF STAFF OF
JAPAN’S ARMY TOOK OVER MILITARY BASES IN
INDOCHINA (VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS)
U.S. CUTOFF TRADE WITH THE JAPANESE
INCLUDED ONE GOOD THEY COULD NOT LIVE WITHOUT- OIL
PEACE TALKS FAILED
THE ATTACK DEC. 7 1941- “A DAY THAT WILL
LIVE IN INFAMY”- FDR 180 JAPANESE WAR PLANES
FROM SIX AIRCRAFT CARRIERS FOR NEARLY TWO HOURS ,
PLANES ATTACKED TARGET AFTER TARGET
2,403 KILLED AND 1,178 WOUNDED
SUNK OR DAMAGED 21 SHIPS- 8 BATTLESHIPS AND 300 AIRCRAFTS
MISSED KEY TARGETS 1. 3 CARRIERS OUT AT SEA 2. MISSED FUEL STORAGE AREAS
A STRIKING RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN 12/7 AND 9/11?????