VHE -ray physics overview
GRBs
AGN
cold dark
matter
quantum gravity effects
origin of cosmic rays
cosmologicacosmologicall
-ray -ray horizonhorizon
pulsar
--quasarquasar
shelltypeSNR
galacticcenter
pulsar windnebula
47 sources above 100 GeV seen by Hess+Magic, only 4 before!
The MAGIC -ray telescope
•Largest Cherenkov
Telescope: 17 m Ø mirror dish
•3.5° FoV Camera with 576 enhanced QE PMT’s
•Fast repositioning for GRBs: average ~30s
•Trigger threshold: 50 GeV•Analysis threshold: 60 GeV•Sensitivity: 2.5% Crab / 50 h-PSF: ~ 0.1°•Energy resolution: 20 - 30%
Barcelona IFAE, UA Barcelona, U. Barcelona, HU Berlin, Instituto Astrofisica Canarias, U.C. Davis, U. Dortmund, U. Lodz, UCM Madrid, MPI München, INFN/ U. Padua, INFN/ U. Siena, INR Sofia, Tuorla Observatory, Yerevan Phys. Institute, INFN/ U. Udine, U. Würzburg, ETH Zürich
PHYS DATA TAKING EFFICIENCY > 90% with good wheather & moon (1100 moonless hrs/year + 400 with moon)
Science highlights from MAGIC since 2006
• 18 scientific papers published or in press
• ~15 sources detected
• 5 new extragalactic sources discovered– Including the prototype of a new family of objects:
LBL AGNs emit VHE gammas!
MAGIC Coll., Discovery of VHE gamma emission from BL Lac, astro-ph/0703084, subm. to ApJ Lett
• 2 new galactic objects discovered– Including the prototype of a new family of objects
MAGIC Coll., VHE gamma emission from the quasar LS I +61 303, Science 312 (06) 1771
Extragalactic VHE -ray sources15 blazars & 1 radio galaxy15 blazars & 1 radio galaxy
• VHE -rays: leptonic or hadronic origin?
• Fast flares can be used for tests on light propagation • Gamma Ray Horizon cosmological parameters
MAGIC observations:
Mrk 421 z=0.030 astro-ph
/0603478 Mrk 501 z=0.034 astro-ph 0702008
1ES2344+514 z=0.044 astro-ph /0612383
Mrk 180 z=0.045 ApJL 648 (2006) 105
1ES1959+650 z=0.047 ApJ 639 (2006) 761
BL Lac z=0.069 astro-ph/0703084
1ES1218+308 z=0.182 ApJL 642 (2006) 119
PG1553+113 z>0.09 ApJL 654 (2007) 119
• 3 more in pipeline
redshift
• AGN with relativistic jet aligned with observer’s line of sight
• non-thermal emission, highly variable
• SSC model: Synchrotron+ IC
Blazars:
observerobserver
• Variability studies of Mkn 501:
for the 1st time, IC peak detected
• Huge Mkn 501 flare: 4 Crab intensity, signal more than doubled wrt baseline
• Intensity variation recorded in 2 minute bins => new, much stronger, constraints on emission mechanism and light-speed dispersion relations (effective quantum gravity scale).
• O (Mp/100) reached
High time-resolution study of AGN flare
What’s new – 1 : MAGIC2 & Italy• Mirror production: @ full speed!
– Blank production started• 4 mould produced• 4 mirrors/day production ratefor full production• 20 blanks already produced
– Mirrors polishing tested• 7 mirrors fully finshed @LTto test the full procedure• ~1 mirror/dayproduction rate
In summer the production will stop for lack of funds: only 1/3 of mirrors (80)financed so far by INFN…
3 new mirrors mounted in the MAGIC I frame for test
Performing well after > 1 year
What’s new – 2 : the CTA
aims to explore the sky in the 10 GeV to 100 TeV energy range
builds on demonstrated technologies: ~replicas of MAGIC, HESS in 2 sites (N/S)
combines guaranteed science with significant discovery potential
~1000 sources expected
R&D proposal now
INFN leads:
Mirrors
Site section & Infrastructure
If infrastructure financed in 2009, will take over MAGIC&HESS in 2012
Inner array (larger
telescopes)
Outer array(smaller telescopes)
Efficiency @ 5 in 50 hours
Conclusions• MAGIC is delivering very good physics results
– detected ~15 sources
– discovered 4 new VHE -ray sources
– 18 scientific publications (printed or submitted)
• Cycle2 almost completed: important commitment to test fundamental physics (DM, Lorentz violation, …)
• A second telescope will see the first light soon (end 2007?)
2 x better sensitivity no. of sources may increase up to ~50We need money for it…
Conclusions
Richieste
• Sblocco dei SJ (le missioni estere sono state
particolarmente scarse quest’anno: per
risparmiare MAGIC Italia fa turni di 24 notti
consecutive)
• 230 kEUR per l’ottica di MAGIC2 (1/3)
• 240 + 50 + 10 kEUR per elettronica/DAQ di
MAGIC2
• Approvazione del nuovo MoU, nel quale
MAGIC2 e’ esplicitamente incluso
Futuro (fino al 2010)• Importante interazione con i satelliti gamma
– Dal 2007: Run con AGILE
– Dal 2008: Run con GLAST
E’ fondamentale il completamento di MAGIC2, che raddoppia l’efficienza, migliora la precisione angolare e abbassa la soglia energetica. Temibile la concorrenza di VERITAS, come MAGIC all’emisfero N, che e’ ora operativo con 3 telescopi e entro l’anno lo sara’ con 4
• Ci si attende di arrivare entro il 2010 a ~30 nuove sorgenti VHE
• Il numero di FTE, oggi ~30, passera’ a ~35 (contatti con un nuovo gruppo che si presentera’ a giugno)