Vert Bio Jeopardy1st ExamReview
E0164 in Lago Wed 6:10-8:00 PM
200 200 200 200 200 200
100 100 100 100 100 100
300 300 300 300 300 300
400 400 400 400 400 400500 500 500 500 500 500
Fish Amphibians MammalsBirds Misc.Reptiles
What period did fish dominant?
Fish 100 points
Answer
• Devonian (Age of Fishes)
Amphibians 100 points
Name the 3 extant orders of Amphibia.
Answer
• Caudata• Anura• Gymnophiona
Reptiles 100 points
Birds are monophyletic group whereas reptiles are ____________ group.
Answer
• Paraphyletic
Birds 100 points
What’s the purpose of a keeled sternum?
Answer
• Allows for larger pectoral muscles • Wings capable of flapping motion
Mammals 100 points
Describe heterodont dentition
Answer
• The specialization of mammals teeth to target specific food
Misc. 100 points
Describe the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
Answer
• Axial- The cranium, vertebrae, and ribs/sternum
• Appendicular- limbs, pectoral and pelvic girdles
Fish 200 points
What jawless fish may tie itself in knots and what purpose does this serve?
Answer
• Myxini (hagfish)
• As a defense mechanism- too large to swallow and digestion
Amphibians 200 points
Name the missing link that had a perfect mix of fish and amphibian features.
Answer
• Also known for having fin with wrists• Tiktaalik
Reptiles 200 points
What allowed reptiles to break the tie to water?
For an extra 100 ptsdescribe 3 features of this.
Answer
Birds 200 points
• Feathers derived from ___________ and what evidence is there to prove this?
Answer
• Scales in retiles• Keratin
Mammals 200 points
What was the major evolutionary event that allowed mammals to move more efficiently in contrast to reptiles?
Answer
• The shift from legs being at right angles to under the body– Allowed for more rapid and efficient movement – Support for more weight.
Misc. 200 points
What is the retention of juvenile characteristics on into adulthood?
Answer
• Paedomorphism
Amphibian 300 points
Name three feature of Lissamphibia ( Modern Amphibians)
Daily Double!
Answer
• Loss of bone in skull • Loss of scales • Most with 4 digits (not 5) • 2 middle ear bones • Weak teeth • 3 chambered heart
Reptiles 300 points
Name 3 reptilian characteristics
Answer
• Amniotic egg with yolk (most lay eggs on land)• lack larval stages• Impermeable skin: scales or plates of keratin
cover & protect body• Breath via lungs• Ectotherms (except dinosaurs/birds)• Generally 3-chambered heart• (crocodiles & birds have 4)
Birds 300 pointsExplain the difference between endothermy vs homeothermy.
Answer
• Endothermy = control body temperatures through internal means such as muscle shivering or fat burning
• Homeothermy = thermoregulation that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of external influence– Ex) Humans – 98.6 degrees F
Fish 300 points
What is an extant organism found today that has remained unchanged through time?
Answer
• Living fossil
• Like tuatara
Mammals 300 points
• What is the purpose of skull fenestrae?
• For an additional 100 pts, explain what does it mean to be an anapsid, synapsid, diapsid and provide an example of each.
Answer
• Allows for less weight in the skull without sacrificing strength
• Ability to attach more muscle to skull in a more efficient manner
Misc. 300 points
Which muscle type is associated with limbs, body core, and respiration?
For an additional 50 pts name the other 2 muscle types.
Answer
• Skeletal muscles• Smooth and cardiac muscles
Fish 400 points
Describe the unique feature of the Ceratodontomorpha.
Answer
• During dry periods form cocoon, aestivate in mud
Amphibians 400 points
Name 3 predictions why amphibians moved to land.
Answer
Ocean becoming crowded Predation High
Competitave Avoidance
Food available on land
Reptiles 400 points
What is convergent evolution and provide an example
Answer
• The reoccurrence of a trait multiple times through time.
• Example of four chamber heart in crocodiles and mammals
Birds 400 points
Name 4 characteristics for the evolution of flight to occur
Answer
Hollow Bones The reduction of gonads in off season FeathersRapid digestion
Mammals 400 points
Describe the jaw articulation shift from reptiles to mammals.
Answer
• The shift from– Reptiles : articular/ quadrate articulation • Jaw used in minor role for hearing
– Mammals : Squamosal/ dentary • The articular/ quadrate moved to the inner ear to aid in
better hearing
Misc. 400 points
Name the 5 eras we discussed in class and what clade it corresponds with.
Answer
Devonian – FishCarboniferous – AmphibiansMesozoic- ReptilesCretaceous- BirdsCenozoic- Mammals
Fish 500 points
Name 3 characteristics of Osteichthyes
Answer
• Skeleton of bone • Thin, overlapping scales • Paired fins • Swim bladder - pouch derived from esophagus
w/air volume regulated for buoyancy
Amphibian 500 points
Name 4 problems with the move to land
Answer
• Gravity – skeleton must now support weight • Locomotion – propulsion must change (more use of limbs) • Breathing – Oxygen more concentrated in air than water, but
gills function poorly in air and desiccate quickly • Feeding – must use jaws, teeth, and tongue to secure food
(suction feeding not sufficient) • Reproduction – eggs desiccate quickly • Outer covering – desiccation • Pumping blood (gravity constraints)
Reptiles 500 pointsName the 3 taxanomic groups within Squamata that are not monophyletic
Answer
Serpentes (Snakes)Amphisbaenia (worm lizards) Lacertilia (lizards)
Birds 500 points
Explain the ground up hypothesis and why it doesn’t work.
Answer
• Cursorial Hypothesis II (ground-up hypothesis)• Refined trees down hypothesis • Wings used to catch prey out of air• Wrong- For flight to occur lift and thrust is
needed • less friction doesn’t allow more lift ex) car
anology
Mammals 500 points
Explain the 3 rules of morphological variation in endotherms.
Answer
• Bergmann’s Rule – endotherms tend to be larger in colder climates
• Allen’s Rule – extremeties of endotherms vary inversely w/body size
• Gloger’s Rule – endotherms living in arid regions tend to be lighter in coloration
Misc. 500 pointsChronologically name the structures of an entire muscle.
Answer
• Muscle cell• Fascicle • Micro Fibers• Myofibrils • Myofilaments• Myosin and actin