Unrest in Asia and Africa
The Effects of Nationalism
Chinese Background
China in 1800s– Qing Dynasty– Opium Wars (Unequal Treaties)– Taiping Rebellion (Qing lost Mandate?)– Spheres of Influence– Boxer Rebellion (1900)– 1911 Revolution
Emperor abdicates Yuan Shikai becomes first president new Republic of
China Warlords have lots of power too…turmoil ensues
China angry over WWI Settlement
China declared war on Germany in 1917 hoping the Allies would give them back German controlled Chinese territory
Allies gave territory to Japan instead!!!
May 4th Movement
Chinese protest! Thousands demand
change…strikes and protests
Communist Party formed 1921 as alternative to nationalists
Two Major Chinese Groups
Partner to fight Chinese Warlords
Guomindang = nationalists led by Chiang Kai Shek
Communists = Communists led by Mao Zedong
Guomindang fights Communists
Chiang Kai Shek thinks Communists have too much power
In 1927 kills thousands of them…Chinese Civil War begins!
The Long March http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=kMM8OzlnFYA
Mao Zedong leads 100,000 Communists on 6000 mile march to escape Guomindang and preserve Communism
Only 8,000 survive!
India Pre WWI British territory since 1700s British East India Co. (Indirect Rule)
– Changes Sepoy Rebellion 1858- Raj
– ICS Indian National Congress (1885)
– Nationalism growing (Swadeshi)– Muslim League (1906)
India
India
Indian soldiers fought for the British Army in WWI
They expected that Britain would give India freedom
This did not happen!
Indian people protest British rule
Thousands protest British rule in violation of British law
Rowlatt Acts April1919…Amritsar
Massacre…400 killed
Gandhi’s influence
Teaches – Civil Disobedience– Ahimsa
Boycott British goods – Homespun
Movement Salt March 1935-Limited
Degree of Self-Rule
Middle East Pre WWI
Ottoman Territory dating back to 1400s Control everything from Turkey to
Middle East to North Africa During War- Armenian Genocide
Middle East After WWI Kemal
Ataturk creates an independent Turkish nation out of the defeated Ottoman Empire
Goes against Peace Plan
Modernized Turkey…made it secular -no Muslim influence
Middle East
Reza Khan becomes Shah Pahlavi of Persia and renames country Iran (1935)
Turns Iran into a modern state focused on education/industry
Mandates Post - WWI
French and British Mandates Arab nationalists wanted
independent Arab state from Syria to Yemen
Jewish Nationalists-Zionism-rebuild a Jewish state in ancient Jewish homeland
1917- Balfour Declaration- British government declared its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine
Instead, this area given to French and British
Arabs and Jews angry
Jewish immigration to area increases
With rise of Hitler in Europe… thousands of Jews escape to Palestine
Zionism…idea of a Jewish national home
Arabs upset that their land given away!
Nationalism in Africa
Africans served in the European military during WWI
Expected to be rewarded for their service
No Africans involved in Post WWI settlement!
Working for Independence
Pan-African Conferences demand independence
Egyptian protests lead Britain to give up Egypt (1922)